Friday, February 24, 2023

Kia Sportage: Button Engine Start System / Description and operation

 

Description
System Overview
The System offers the following features:
–
Changing the state of engine ignition and power by using the start button.
–
Controlling external relays for ACC / IGN1 / IGN2 terminal switching and STARTER, without use of mechanical ignition switch.
–
Indicating the vehicle status on display by using LED or explicit messages.
–
Immobilizer function by LF transponder communication between fob and fob holder.
–
Redundant architecture for high system dependability .
–
Interface with Low Speed CAN vehicle communication network.
–
Interface with LIN vehicle communication network depending on platform .
The RKE and SMART KEY functions are not considered part of this Button Engine Start system and are specified in a separate system.
System Main Function
–
Switching of ACC / IGN1 / IGN2 terminals.
–
Control of the STARTER relay BAT line (high side) based on communication with EMS ECU.
–
Management of the Immobilizer function.
–
Management of BES warning function.
Button Engine Start System
The Button Start System allows the driver to operate the vehicle by simply pressing a button (called as SSB) instead of using a standard mechanical key.
If the driver presses the SSB while prerequisites on brakes, fob authentication and transmission status are satisfied, the BES System will proceed with the locking/unlocking of the steering column, the control of the terminal, and the cranking of the engine.
The driver can release the SSB as soon as this sequence is initiated. After positive response from immobilizer interrogation, the system will activate the starter motor and communicate with the EMS to check the engine running status for starter release.
The driver will be able to stop the engine by a short push on the SSB if the vehicle is already in standstill. Emergency engine stop will be possible by a long press of the SSB or 3 consecutive presses in case the vehicle is in ENGINE RUNNING.
If the conditions for engine cranking are not satisfied while a push on the SSB is detected and a valid fob authenticated, the system will unlock the steering column and switch the terminals to IGN. Another push on the SSB will be necessary to start the engine.
In case of a vehicle equipped with SMART KEY system, fob authentication will not require any action from the driver. For limp home start or in case of vehicle without SMART KEY, the driver will have to insert the fob into the fob holder.

•
Control Ignition and engine ON/OFF by Sending signal to IPM.
•
Display status by LED Lamp ON/OFF. (Amber or Green)
Indicator ON/OFF Condition At Ignition Key Off Condition
No
Character lamp
Conditions
1
Indicator Lamp ON
Door open, Tail lamp ON, ACC, IG ON
2
Indicator Lamp 30sec ON → Lamp OFF
Door close, Tail lamp OFF, IG OFF
3
Indicator Lamp OFF
Remote LOCK, Passive LOCK
4
Rheostat at tail lamp ON (Illumination lamp)

Indicator ON/OFF Condition According To Ignition Key's Position
No
Ignition conditions
Start Button LED status
1
IG OFF
White color LED ON
2
IG ACC
Amber color LED ON
3
IG ON (Engine OFF)
Green color LED ON
4
Cranking
Maintain LED status before cranking
5
Engine running
LED OFF

Operation for each function of button starting
1.
Electric power ON / Ignition ON
–
The electric power state changes within the range of OFF →ACC→IGN→OFF by pressing the button without stepping on the brake (Or with stepping on the brake) inside the car with FOB key (However, When the gear is not in P, the power repeatedly changes between ACC and IGN. Converting to OFF is impossible.)
–
The ignition is on when the button is pressed with stepping on the brake at P/N position with FOB key.

2.
Electric power OFF/ Ignition OFF
–
The ignition OFF is possible in the state of vehicle stop. (The ignition OFF state is possible regardless of the ATM lever position.)
–
The lever shall be shifted for parking in gear N by pressing the ATM lever release button after electric power off in P.

3.
How to off the ignition forcibly and to restart during driving
–
It is a method of forcibly turning off ignition in case of fuel leakage when the vehicle is overturned or of emergency (e.g. failure in accelerator pedal return)
–
The engine is off and returned to the ACC state when the button is pressed for 2 seconds and more than 3 times successively within 3 seconds during driving. The restarting is available for next 30 seconds regardless of FOB key and the electric power is changed through OFF → ACC→IGN→OFF by pressing the button without stepping on the brake (or with stepping on the brake) inside the car with FOB key. (However, when it is not in P position, ACC↔IGN is repeated. The conversion to OFF is impossible.)

4.
Function of 0.5 second delay for brake switch input.
The starting is available when the brake pedal is stepped on within 0.5 second after pressing the start button in engine OFF state.
5.
State of start button indicator (LED) ON depending on the electric power state.
–
Electric power OFF : LED OFF
–
Electric power ACC state : Yellow LED ON
–
Electric power ON : Blue LED ON
–
During cranking : Maintaining the previous LED ON state before cranking
–
Starting ON state : LED OFF
Limp home mode

–
In case of no input signal for the brake (AT specification), the ACC mode shall move to “START” by pressing SSM for more than 10 seconds.
–
In case of problems with communication between EMS and CAN (the EMS state).
the “START” state moved to the “ENGINE RUN” based on RPM input.
–
In case that one out of two SSM input lines is disconnected,
The electric power cycling is available when SSB is pressed twice within 10 seconds (SSB LIMP HOME PRESS)
The buzzer rings when the button is pressed in the first time.
The electric power cycling is available and buzzer stops when the button is pressed twice within 10 seconds.
Smart Key Unit

The SMK manages all function related to:
•
"Start Stop Button (SSB) monitoring",
•
"Immobilizer communication" (with Engine Management System unit for immobilizer release),
•
"Authentication server" (Validity of Transponder and in case of Smart Key option Passive Fob authentication ),
•
"System consistency monitoring",
•
"System diagnosis",
•
Control of display message / warning buzzer .
The smart key unit masters the entire button engine start system.
In case of SMART KEY application, for example "Passive Access”, "Passive Locking” and "Passive Authorization are integrated for Terminal switching Operations”.
It collects information about vehicle status from other modules (vehicle speed, alarm status, driver door open...), reads the inputs (e.g. SSB, Capacitive Sensor / Lock Button, PARK position Switch), controls the outputs (e.g. exterior and interior antennas), and communicates with others devices via the CAN network as well as a single-line interfaces.
The diagnosis and learning of the components of the BES System are also handled by the SMK.
The SMK manages the functions related to the "terminal control" by activating external relays for ACC, IGN1 and IGN2. This unit is also responsible for the control of the STARTER relay.
The SMK is also controlling the illumination of the SSB as well as the "system status indicator", which consists of 2 LEDs of different color. The illumination of the fob holder is also managed by the SMK.
The SMK reads the inputs (Engine fob in, vehicle speed, relays contact status), controls the outputs (Engine relay output drive), and communicates with others devices via the CAN.
The internal architecture of the SMK is defined in a way that the control of the terminal is secured even in case of failure of one of the two microcontrollers, system inconsistency or interruption of communication on the CAN network.
In case of failure of one of the two controllers, the remaining controller shall disable the starter relay. The IGN1 and IGN2 terminals relays shall be maintained in the state previously memorized before the failure and the driver shall be able to switch those IGN terminals off by pressing the SSB with EMERGENCY_STOP pressing sequence. However, engine restart will not be allowed. The state of the ACC relay will depend on the type of failure.
The main functions of the SMK are:
•
Control of Terminal relays
•
Monitoring of the Vehicle speed received from sensor or ABS/ESP ECU.
•
Control of SSB LEDs (illumination, clamp state).
•
Control of the base station located in SSB through direct serial interface.
•
System consistency monitoring to diagnose SMK failure and to switch to relevant limp home mode.
•
Providing vehicle speed information
•
Start Stop Button (SSB) monitoring
•
Starter power control
Start/Stop Button (SSB)
A single stage push button is used for the driver to operate the vehicle. Pressing this button allows:
•
To activate the power modes ‘Off’, ’Accessory’, ‘Ignition’ and 'Start' by switching the corresponding terminals
•
To start the engine
•
To stop the engine
The contact will be insured by a micro-switch and a backlighting is provided to highlight the marking of the button whenever necessary.
Three (3) LED colors are located in the outside ring of the switch assy. They display the status of the system.
They are OFF(White) / ACC(Amber) / ON(Green).

BES(Button Engine Start) System State Chart
System STATES in LEARNING MODE
In learning mode, the BES System can be set in 6 different states, depending on the status of the terminals and Engine status:
System State
Terminal Status
Engine status
1. OFF - Locked
OFF
Stopped
2. OFF - Unlocked
OFF
Stopped
3. ACC
ACC
Stopped
4. IGN
IGN1, IGN2, ACC
Stopped
5. Start
IGN1, Start
Cranking
6. IGN - Engine
IGN1, IGN2, ACC
Running
(means "self-running")

Referring to the terminals, the system states described in the table above are the same as those found in a system based on a mechanical ignition switch.
One of the features distinctive from the Mechanical Ignition Switch-based system is that the BES system allows specific transition from [OFF] to [START] without going through [ACC] and [IGN] states.
System STATES IN VIRGIN MODE
The BES System can be set in 5 different states (OFF LOCKED is not available in virgin mode), depending on the status of the terminals and Engine status :
System State
Terminal Status
Engine status
1. OFF - UNLOCKED
OFF
Stopped
2. ACC
ACC
Stopped
3. IGN
IGN1, IGN2, ACC
Stopped
4. Start
IGN1, START with special pattern of activation
Cranking
5. IGN - Engine
IGN1, IGN2, ACC
Running
(means "self-running")

Referring to the terminals, the system states described in the table above are the same as those found in a system based on a mechanical ignition switch.
One of the features distinctive from the Mechanical Ignition Switch-based system is that the BES system allows specific transition from [OFF] to [START] without going through [ACC] and [IGN] states.

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XDebug:

 

Installation Wizard

This page helps you finding which file to download, and how to configure PHP to get Xdebug running. Please paste the full output of phpinfo() (either a copy & paste of the HTML version, the HTML source or php -i output) and submit the form to receive tailored download and installation instructions.

Debugging PHP7.4 with XDebug 2 and VsCode

Here is the link. 

Debugging is really important in any language. VSCode is an excellent editor. I decided to see how debugging works in VSCode on PHP language. And it turns out to be very good. In this video I will install XDebug extension in Xampp installation, enable debugging using VSCode and debug PHP applications. VScode supports debugging of both types of applications. Using browser and using terminal. We will see debugging steps. We will get familiar with debugging interface of VSCode.

在加拿大读书如何申请经济资助

在加拿大读书如何申请经济资助

 

留学北美是很多年轻学子孜孜以求的梦想,但费用很高。如果本人或家庭没有足够的经济实力,似乎有些望尘莫及。在此情况下,实现留学梦想的关键则看是否能申请到经济资助。于是成千上万的人加入考“托”考“G”的大军,争相一圆留学梦。

留学加拿大该如何申请经济资助呢? 首先是申请时间。经济资助的申请可以在入学申请被批准之后,也可以与入学申请同时进行。但资助的批准和颁发应该发生在被录取之后。 加拿大大学向本国学生及其留学生提供奖学金(scholarship)或助学金(allowance),这些形式的经济资助纯属奖励或资助性质,是无需付出劳动的。还有一些经济资助是需要用劳动来交换的,如助教或助研津贴。成绩优秀的学生可获优先考虑。


一般来说,本科生机会较少。而硕士和博士研究生获奖学金的机会较多。 除非极其出类拔萃者,加拿大一般不向外国本科留学生提供助学金或奖学金,但为外国研究生以上的学生提供名目繁多的奖学金、助学金或助教、助研津贴。

根据助学金或奖学金的来源可分为三大类:一是加拿大政府提供的,二是私人及私人性质的基金会提供的,三是学校提供的。许多奖学金是按学科分类的,奖励或促进对某些领域的研究。有的是按申请人的成绩决定是否给奖学金,成绩优异者机会多。大多数奖项同时取决于以上两种因素。奖学金虽然种类很多,每所大学都有厚厚的有关资料,但具体每一项奖学金,所能够提供给的人数相对有限,奖项金额也多寡不一。

如,安大略研究生奖学金(Ontario Graduate Scholarship 简称OGS)每年有1,000多个名额,绝大部分名额给加拿大公民及永久公民,给外国学生的名额只有几十个。每个名额的金额约13,000多加元。更有甚者,各个大学为了鼓励本校学生拿到OGS,为校争光,给获取OGS 的佼佼者锦上添花,再加更多的奖学金。有的学生同时得到几项奖学金,年总额达到30,000加元。 而有的奖学金只有一千到几千加元,获取此奖学金的名额也只有几个。 助学金是为经济困难的学生提供的经济资助。外国学生很少得到。 

从形式上看,经济资助有直接对研究生和学者本人的,研究生申请获准后,奖学金无条件地发给本人。也有由加拿大政府提供给某个国家的,属于加拿大援助外国的发展项目。


申请者须先向本国政府(或向驻加大使馆)提出,由本国机构认可。获得这种奖学金的人,要和本国政府签合同,列入公派项目,在加完成学业后必须回国服务。 

奖学金一般只有一个学年,读硕士可延长1年,读博士可延长1至3年,但若1年后成绩平平,或不想继续攻读者,奖学金就不予延长。

助教或助研津贴一般也有时间限制,为了给刚来的学士提供更多机会,往往鼓励原持有此项津贴的人让位,不予延长。 

如果想获得加拿大学校的奖学金或助学金,则必须具有几个条件:1)成绩优秀,2)高TOEFL 和GRE成绩(加拿大大学普遍要求TOEFL,但很多学校不需GRE),申请的专业与本人背景吻合。值得指出的是,由于加拿大对外国学生的学费远远高于本国学生(政府对本国学生有补贴), 若给一个外国学生提供经济资助,则需要较高的数额。往往需要几相经济资助提供给一个学生才行。由于本国学生的学费低,所需经济资助会低很多,比较容易解决。这样,外国学生对经济资助的解决则比本国学生(包括持有永久居民身份的人)则难度大得多。

申请过程中联系的方便程度还会加剧这种区别。 公民和永久居民可以申请省政府的学生贷款。在上学期间没有利息。毕业后可以做个计划每个月还一点,利息很低。 

申请学生贷款的条件是:[b] [b] 1、在本省已经居住达12个月,属于本省居民; 2、经济收入低 外国人在加拿大留学,如果不能获取奖学金、助学金或津贴,那么,自己应该有足够的经济实力。

人们经常听到关于靠打工赚钱的所谓勤工俭学的故事,但故事毕竟是故事。在加拿大,留学生单凭打工挣钱付足够的学费和生活费是天方夜谭。学习很辛苦,很耗时间,不可能二者兼顾。

加拿大移民法规定,持学生签证的留加学生必须是全日学习(full time study)才能维持学生签证,也不允许在学校之外工作。一旦查出,即被遣送回国。但下列几种情况可以考虑发给工作许可证: 

  1. 研究生给教师或实验室做助手,即助教、助研; 
  2. 在校内做其他方面的工作,如咖啡馆、餐馆工作; 
  3. 该生所选课程需一段时期的实践; 
  4. 毕业后从事与学习相关的工作,但仅许工作1年。工作要自己找,如毕业3个月后仍没有找到工作,此机会便丧失; 
  5. 该生本国或经济担保人发生了严重问题,资助中断。 符合五项条件中的任一条,可持雇主信件到市政府的移民中心申请就业许可证,并交纳手续费。

被批准后方可工作,否则视为非法,会要求你离境。凡涉及签证、就业一类的事,应多向政府有关机构询问。 通过以上的讨论对比不难看出,在加拿大求学深造,持有永久居民身份的人比纯粹的外国留学生有着不可比拟的优势。对比如下: 

永久居民 外国学生

交低学费 

交高学费 

有较多机会获得奖学金 奖学金机会少 有较多机会获得助学金 助学金机会少 可获得学生贷款 几乎没有机会 可以合法地在校内外工作 只可以持证在校内工作 可以边工作边学习 只能全日学习  毋庸置疑,置身于中国,以外国学生身份申请奖学金是非常之难的。

每年有大量的中国大陆申请人向美、加大学递交材料。有时,一个系每年收到1000份左右的申请,其中有800份来自中国大陆。如果考虑到许多申请人用撒网的方式向多个学校同时申请的因素,也相当于上百个人。如果此系为外国留学生设置了两三个奖学金名额,其竞争程度也可想而知了。

如果你是永久居民,你不必要参与外国学生的竞争,加拿大本国申请人数量相对较少,但奖学金数量相对又多,获取的机会也就大多了。 

如果你同时满足申请留学和移民的条件,可以看出,首先获得永久居民身份,你能够获得许多优先权。如果在两条路中间必择其一,更应考虑申请移民在先。 

总而言之,赴加之路前景光明。加拿大先进的教育机制和教学能力,绝对能使留学生学有所得,再加上加国对国外留学生的热情吸纳态度,只要您符合其要求,积极寻求有关人士的指导,相信您定能如愿以偿地在美丽的枫叶之国一展才华。

留学移民规划

 首先讲一下留学移民规划的一整条路线: 留学毕业——拿毕业工签——获得工作经验——申请移民——获得PR(永居身份)


可以拿到毕业工签的院校,有加拿大本地的公立大学(university)、大专(college),以及部分符合要求的私立学校,但通常都是公立学校,加拿大大部分的教育都是公立的,教学资源丰富,质量优秀,读了不亏。

毕业工签的时长,和就读的项目时长有关,最短8个月,最长3年。 2年以下的项目,工签时长和项目时长有关,比如一年的项目,毕业后就拿一年工签。2年及以上的项目,毕业后就拿3年的毕业工签。注意,要符合工签申请的资格,你必须在所有的学期内保持fulltime连续就读状态,不辍学、不中断。

能拿到3年毕业工签,条件再差的人无论如何也能移民了。因为现在联邦快速通道(Express Entry,简称EE)分类中的本地经验类移民通道( Canadian Experience Class,以下简称CEC),要求申请人在获得1年的工作经验(自雇和上学期间的打工不能算工作经验。这一年的工作经验可以是全职的,也可以是兼职工作累计成一年的。)后就可以申请入池,入池后系统会根据你的工作经历、文凭、语言水平、年龄等状况给你打分,工作经历年数越久,分数越高,如果你有海外的工作经历也可以拿到额外加分(但有额外要求)。

政府会每两周抽取一次EE池子里的人,目前多数是抽CEC类别,前两年的抽分比较高,而近期的分数非常低。。基本上你只要英语不太差,有工作经验,有加拿大本地文凭,就能达到邀请分数,收到邀请之后递交材料,审核通过就可以拿到confirmation of permanent residence了(简称CoPR)。

说到这里,大家应该明白为什么我说拿到3年毕业工签,无论如何也可以移民了。所以,我们的目标就是拿到3年毕业工签——也就是说,要读一个2年的文凭。

疫情期间这批回国的留学生

 

疫情期间这批回国的留学生,将来很大可能要经历上山下乡了。

(一)从国内角度论述
各位反贼如果有小红书app,并且关注留学移民标签的资讯的话,会在“发现”页面,看到很多“劝人”回国、“留学生落户指南”的推送。

“留美八年,决定回国,不怕重来,勇敢出发”“疫情期间辍学回国创业”“留学生上海/杭州/香港落户指南” 
“不回国卷一下也许永远不会甘心 终于下决心回国历练”“在美phd与导师争执了一下午 终于同意我可以辍学回国”……

当你搜索“回国”,会发现无数个劝人回国的帖子。不少留学生听了这些“宣传”的忽悠,还真的信了。

不要高估岁静留学生的智商,他们虽然身处自由世界,却头脑上天然与自由世界有一个不可跨越的屏障,因此,还真有不少人被忽悠回去。

从我的观察来看,现在国内就业形势严峻,明显就是缺(工)人缺钱了。一向吝啬的PRC,不可能突然变得如此大方慷慨,把北上广港户口白送。当前的上海落户政策都需要你满足一定的经济贡献,才能给一个身份。说白了,不就是变相割留学生的韭菜,把流失在国外的钱带回来么?顺便进一步把国内中高产家庭的利益牢牢捆绑在CCP手中,扩充岌岌可危的国库。

国外的prc领事馆,也在进一步加速着留学生们回国,以什么形式呢?——不给换发护照。没错,一个居住着近百万华人的移民大国,领事馆每个月发放的护照换发名额却只有500。预约网站一到预约开放日就崩溃,还要全家人守着电脑一起帮忙抢护照换发名额,如果抢不到?抱歉,你的护照要是过期,外国居留签证也跟着过期,因此,只能回国。

总之,含赵量不够的留学生,回国后很快会感受到铁拳的厉害,他们不会让你们去当外企白领、过着资本主义国家的日子的。总之,下乡建设、报效祖国的机会,肯定会来。


(二)从国外角度论述
国内有铁拳,国外也有,但基本上,只要你不犯蠢,人道主义的西方国家是不会来锤你的。

可惜了,岁静留学生,在疫情爆发时期,如同墙头草一般纷纷回国。而加拿大在大批留学生回国之后,突然将移民的标准一降再降,4月份更是出台了移民新政——只要是加拿大大学学院毕业生,人在加拿大境内,有一份工作,无论兼职还是全职,都可以申请PR。工签即将过期者,只要在加拿大境内,就可以再获得18个月的开放工签。

这一举措,让不少回国的墙头草们捶胸顿足,懊悔莫及。

更让他们后悔的,还在后面。

这些留学生回国上课,一些人的学签眼看着不是要过期了吗?学签过期,入境签也跟着过期(在这里科普一下,学签是在加拿大学校读书的许可,而入境签证是入境需要的凭证),于是要续签。加拿大政府很聪明,你要续学签?可以,很快就给你批复了,照样让你合法在远程上网课,当加拿大的留学生,给加拿大政府交学费。可是,入境签证,猜猜审核时间是多少?

400多天。(有怀疑的葱油,自己查一下不就知道了么?。。。https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html 这是移民局审核时间查询网址 选择temporary resident - visitor visa application outside of canada - country of applying为中国)

笔者查询过移民局的官方网站,所有境外申请入境加拿大的国家里,唯有中国的入境前审批时间最长。

没错,加拿大很人道,允许你继续读书,但就是不许你入境。那么爱国,就在自己国家呆着去,毕业后直接报效祖国,岂不美哉?还有,今年年底以后,留学生在海外上网课的时间,也不会计入毕业工签的时长了,也就是说,你在国内读加拿大的大学毕业,很大可能拿不到3年的加拿大毕业工签,没工签,也就不能入境工作+移民。

而且,目前加拿大是不认可中国疫苗的,入境以后无法免除隔离,而且打了中国疫苗,就被禁止打mrna疫苗,把那些墙头草们气得嗷嗷叫,当然,也有一些凭借有效签证“逃”来加拿大的支人,在国内打过疫苗,却要欺骗加拿大疫苗站的护士说没打过,于是成功骗到了打mrna疫苗的机会,发在小红书上显摆自己聪明,真是丢人。

再有一点:加拿大目前长期内,也不会再让持有旅游签的人入境了。虽然它当前的移民政策非常友好——但仅仅是针对于还在境内的申请人,那些在危难时候,都没有放弃加拿大的忠粉。

墙头草们,等着全世界的铁拳吧,虽然惩罚来得很缓慢,但你选择与恶魔为伍,就注定会远离天堂。

加拿大低成本跑路指南

 

绝地求生 | 加拿大低成本跑路指南:大专篇

大家好,我是Chaud,昨天我发了一篇帖子  疫情期间这批回国的留学生,将来很大可能要经历上山下乡了。
很多人担心现在无法跑路加拿大了 其实办法还是有的 听我细细道来

首先申明,我不是什么移民中介,也没闲心搞留学移民的生意,我希望能通过这篇干货,给各位朋友多指出一条路,有了这条路,你找谁办移民办留学都可以,如果你记得我在文中说的话,也就不会被黑心华人中介所坑。如果你将来受到哪位同胞的帮助,顺利跑路了,也请不要像脂人那样忘恩负义,过河拆桥。请多多帮助他人。

本文针对对象:
40岁以下,可投入资金不足20万加币(百万人民币),无论如何也要留在国外的人
希望读世界顶级名校研究生的请绕道走,这里仅仅讨论的是低成本跑路的方法。我还会提供移民局和各大院校的官方链接,方便你们查证。保证你看到的所有信息来源都是一手消息。

废话不多说,开讲。

首先讲一下留学移民规划的一整条路线: 留学毕业——拿毕业工签——获得工作经验——申请移民——获得PR(永居身份)

可以拿到毕业工签的院校,有加拿大本地的公立大学(university)、大专(college),以及部分符合要求的私立学校,但通常都是公立学校,加拿大大部分的教育都是公立的,教学资源丰富,质量优秀,读了不亏。

毕业工签的时长,和就读的项目时长有关,最短8个月,最长3年。 2年以下的项目,工签时长和项目时长有关,比如一年的项目,毕业后就拿一年工签。2年及以上的项目,毕业后就拿3年的毕业工签。注意,要符合工签申请的资格,你必须在所有的学期内保持fulltime连续就读状态,不辍学、不中断。

能拿到3年毕业工签,条件再差的人无论如何也能移民了。因为现在联邦快速通道(Express Entry,简称EE)分类中的本地经验类移民通道( Canadian Experience Class,以下简称CEC),要求申请人在获得1年的工作经验(自雇和上学期间的打工不能算工作经验。这一年的工作经验可以是全职的,也可以是兼职工作累计成一年的。)后就可以申请入池,入池后系统会根据你的工作经历、文凭、语言水平、年龄等状况给你打分,工作经历年数越久,分数越高,如果你有海外的工作经历也可以拿到额外加分(但有额外要求)。

政府会每两周抽取一次EE池子里的人,目前多数是抽CEC类别,前两年的抽分比较高,而近期的分数非常低。。基本上你只要英语不太差,有工作经验,有加拿大本地文凭,就能达到邀请分数,收到邀请之后递交材料,审核通过就可以拿到confirmation of permanent residence了(简称CoPR)。

说到这里,大家应该明白为什么我说拿到3年毕业工签,无论如何也可以移民了。所以,我们的目标就是拿到3年毕业工签——也就是说,要读一个2年的文凭。

加拿大的学院,通常提供以下几种文凭:
[li]honours bachelor 荣誉学士,项目时长4年,可拿3年工签[/li][li]Diplomas  大专文凭,项目时长2-3年,可拿3年工签[/li][li]College Graduate Certificate 大专证书文凭,项目时长8个月~1年(这我们就基本不考虑了。。不太划算)[/li]

这些大专专业里,有许多是提供coop实习项目的,可以在就读期间参加学校安排的实习项目,培养工作能力、结实本地人脉,为毕业后的找工作铺垫,所以我建议大家尽量选择有coop的项目。

比较好找工作的专业有:
[li]护理(Nursing)[/li][li]计算机 (CS)[/li][li]餐饮管理(Culinary Management)[/li][li]烘培(Baking)[/li][li]幼教(Early Childhood Education)[/li]

申请的要求:
    [li]雅思达到6分左右,也有要求5.5的,如果不满足要求,可以申请双录取,先在学院读语言班,之后无缝对接专业课程。[/li][li]有雅思成绩单,国内的成绩单(需要公证)等,我见过有70年自考本科的国内人士,申请加拿大大专被录取的,所以如果你是本科学历,想读加拿大college,问题不大。如果已经是研究生了,属于倒读,学校可能不会给你offer。[/li]

学费生活费:
    [li]2万加币一年。学签上允许学生可以在校内打工,只要不超过20小时/周。[/li][li]如果是租公寓,房租就按1500/月算吧,如果是合租,800-1500不等。[/li][li]其余生活费大概1000一个月可以搞定,为了跑路,也可以缩衣节食一点。[/li][li]以上均为加币。[/li]

推荐院校:
安大略省和不列颠哥伦比亚BC省的院校相对优秀一些,因为这两个省经济最发达,就业机会也多。
安省院校申请网站
BC院校申请网站
BC院校一览
Seneca College Seneca 热门院校,竞争激烈
Langara College
Okanagan College
George Brown College 热门院校,竞争激烈
Centennial College 热门院校,竞争激烈
Humber College
Algonquin College
Camosun College 


当然,加拿大是发达国家,其他的省份也不差,环境优美,民风淳朴,很多省份目前都需要人才,就是院校的选择上不会那么多,但移民竞争激烈度相对安省和BC省要好很多。海洋四省目前的移民项目也非常友好,分别为纽芬兰与拉布拉多省(NL省)、爱德华王子岛省(PEI省)、新斯科舍省(NS省)、新不伦维克(NB省)
曼省院校一览:曼省教育局
撒省院校一览:撒省教育局
阿尔伯塔省院校一览:阿尔伯塔教育局
纽芬兰与拉布拉多省院校
爱德华王子岛省院校
新斯科舍省院校:NS省院校
新不伦维克省院校 NB省教育局


可以研究下这些学校和专业要求,准备申请材料,再努力把雅思考出来。建议多申请几所,拿到offer后,就可以申请学签。首次学签完全可以DIY申请,不用找中介。请参考官方移民局页面:加拿大学签

首次学签审批通过后会通知你寄护照给中国的加拿大签证中心贴签(入境签),凭借护照和入境签入境加拿大后,在边境领取纸质学签,你就成功跑路了。

总体所花费的时间(以22年秋季入学为例): 
3个月准备雅思&申请college
3个月时间等offer 
2个月准备申请学签的材料 
2-3个月等待签证审批
一年可以搞定,申请明年秋季入学绰绰有余。


希望这篇能帮助到一些想要通过留学来移民的朋友,不要小看加拿大的大专,加拿大是教育资源大国,就算是大专院校也有异常丰富的教学资源,比国内高等教育不知道高到哪里去了。如果你来这边读书,记得好好利用这些资源,多多地练习英语,参与当地社区活动、学校活动,融入自由世界,拥抱自由,享受自由,相信你一定会爱上加拿大这个美好而善良的国度。

再提供一些移民相关的网站
    [li]新生代事务所 链接我就不放了 一个干货比较多的网站[/li][li]EE快速通道打分器[/li][li]加拿大移民局官网 不同的移民项目、移民申请步骤、签证申请 上面应有尽有 feel free to explore[/li]

再次重申,我不是中介不是中介不是中介,要申请的话,请DIY,能掌握一手消息的网站我都给出了,留学申请不算有什么技术含量的事儿,你一定能够自己搞定。

再更新一条:有的人想在LinkedIn加拿大公司找工作后雇主担保过来,成功率不是特别大。加拿大本地优秀的留学生无数,除非你特别特别特别优秀,否则企业没必要费劲去招一个外国人的。办理雇主担保是相当繁琐的过程,很多公司不愿意做的,因此多数都是需要当事人给公司贴钱才能匹配雇主得到担保,这是事实。楼里有人玻璃心踩我,没必要,真没必要。

借用一位移民顾问的话:除非是顶级学霸,对于普通人,任何加拿大移民项目:速度快、费用少、风险低这三个特点不可能共存。大部分人必须在时间、花费和风险中寻找一个适合自己的平衡点。

Thursday, February 23, 2023

Here's the 2013 Kia Sportage SX AWD Review on Everyman Driver

ChatGPT团队:名校多 华人抢眼 平均年龄32岁

墙内媒体澎湃新闻报道:ChatGPT项目做出贡献的人员不足百人(共87人),其显著特征是“年纪很轻”、“背景豪华”、“聚焦技术”、“积累深厚”、“崇尚创业”和“华人抢眼”。

ChatGPT爆火之后,AI相关领域的猎头陷入忙碌。猎聘大数据研究院的统计数据显示,当下的人工智能人才需求是五年前的近3倍,其中ChatGPT直接带动的AIGC(人工智能生成内容)领域,新发职位近一年同比增长了42.51%。甚至,有人开出千万年薪延揽ChatGPT开发机构OpenAI里的华人科学家。 

OpenAI官网显示,为ChatGPT项目做出贡献的人员不足百人(共87人)。这样一个AI“梦之队”究竟有哪些特点?


经AMiner和智谱研究分析发现,其显著特征是“年纪很轻”、“背景豪华”、“聚焦技术”、“积累深厚”、“崇尚创业”和“华人抢眼”(AMiner是由清华大学计算机科学与技术系教授唐杰率领团队建立的科技情报大数据挖掘与服务系统平台)。

AI 2000全球人工智能学者

 AMiner每年推出“AI 2000全球人工智能学者”名单,该名单评选全球人工智能 20个细分领域前100名最具影响力学者。统计发现,ChatGPT团队成员有5人入选今年“AI 2000 全球人工智能学者”,他们是OpenAI联合创始人Wojciech Zaremba(机器人,第10名);ChatGPT研究员Lukasz Kaiser(机器学习,第10名);OpenAI联合创始人、 ChatGPT研究科学家John Schulman(机器学习,第41名);ChatGPT研发工程师Tomer Kaftan(数据库,第52名);ChatGPT研究科学家Barret Zoph(机器学习,第95名)。

AI Powered Equity ETF (AIEQ)

谷歌云计算部门实行共享办公:两名员工合用一个工位

 北京时间2月23日上午消息,据报道,来自谷歌内部的消息显示,谷歌正以“地产效率”为由,要求云计算部门的员工和合作伙伴从下季度开始转为共享工位的办公模式。员工将与他人共享一个工位,轮流在工位办公。


谷歌云将在美国最大的5个办公室,即华盛顿州柯克兰、纽约、旧金山、西雅图和加州太阳谷,推行新的共享工位模式。根据谷歌内部分享给云计算部门员工的答疑材料,此举将使得谷歌“可以继续投资于云计算业务的增长”。一些办公楼将可以腾空。

内部文件写道:“大多数员工现在将与另一名同事分享一个工位。”预计员工将隔天来一次办公室上班,因此一个工位同一天不会有两名员工使用。“通过员工配对,共享工位的员工和团队将可以就基本的桌面环境达成一致,并建立规范,确保在新的共享办公环境中获得积极的体验。”

此外,如果在没有被分配工位的时间段来到办公室,谷歌员工可以使用“空出的临时空间”。

在谷歌内部,管理层将这种新的办公模式称作“云办公室演进”(CLOE),“将疫情前最好的协作模式与混合办公的灵活性结合在一起”。文件称,新的办公模式不是临时试点,“最终这将让我们的办公空间得到更高效的利用”。

答疑文件称,谷歌的这一决定也参考了员工返回办公室复工情况的内部数据。目前,谷歌还在放缓招聘速度,并在1月份裁掉了1.1万名员工。

然而在谷歌内部平台上,已经有员工制作表情包,嘲笑这一调整。员工将此次调整视为一种削减成本的措施。有热门表情上写着:“并不是每项削减成本的措施都需要被表述为对员工有利。一句简单的,‘我们正在削减办公空间以降低成本’,会让领导层听起来更加可信。”

谷歌尚未对此做出回应。

目前,谷歌正在展开更广泛的成本削减,包括缩减办公地产。不过,谷歌尚未具体说明计划削减的地区或楼宇。

在2022年第四季度的财报电话会议上,谷歌高管表示,今年第一季度,由于全球办公地产的削减,将产生大约5亿美元的成本。此外,未来还可能发生其他的地产费用。本月早些时候有报道称,谷歌将结束在总部所在地旧金山湾区“一些空置楼宇”的租赁。

云计算业务占谷歌全职员工总数的超过1/4,也是谷歌增长最快的业务之一,但尚未实现盈利。

第四季度,谷歌云计算带来了73.2亿美元的营收,同比增长32%,远高于公司整体不到10%的增长率。然而,这一营收数字仍然低于华尔街的平均预期,并且云计算业务每季度亏损仍然达到数亿美元。其中,第四季度的亏损为4.8亿美元,为一年前的近一半。

总体来看,该季度谷歌的净利润为136.2亿美元,2022年全年为599.7亿美元,都较2021年出现了明显下降。

Top 6 PHP Debugging Tools For Smart Developers

Here is the article. 

The debugging process has historically been a challenging and time-consuming one for scripting as well as programming language, which is why many developers would resort to using hacks. Funnily enough, many of these hacks would not work as expected, meaning developers would often end up going back and forth the output and PHP code.

PHP debugging techniques are much easier these days, with a number of PHP debugging tools and PHP frameworks available for developers across all skillsets.

Top 6 PHP debugging tools available for your use:

  1. Kint
  2. Krumo
  3. PHP DebugBar
  4. Pinba
  5. Xdebug
  6. Whoops


Raymond Gan | Linkedin post

Here is the link. 

As an Asian immigrant who grew up in a low income, blue collar family, I was always frugal growing up + did not spend frivolously. I always save most of my income. Always buy used cars. Rented cheap apartments. Had roommates/housemates + did not live alone. Got into MIT + Cornell but turned them down for Berkeley, since it gave me 3 scholarships. I never borrowed any money for college, graduating with $0 debt.


I lived with all sorts of strange people for cheap rent. Lived 2 years in Redondo Beach (southwest LA County) with a woman in her 3 bedroom condo. She (my landlord) had a passion for construction workers + invited them to stay with us, including some of her homeless friends. I'd wake to see strangers sleeping in our living room. My landlord was a hairdresser who owned a bus she converted into a mobile salon, after stripping out its seats. Many women would come into our kitchen for hair appointments. She drove to Google in Irvine + did hair for its employees on her bus.

One day her 21-year-old son moved in with us, as my new roommate. He'd just left 3 years of prison. He was covered with tattooes. He hung the German flag on his bedroom wall, then I saw a SWASTIKA tattoo on his chest.

Yes, I lived with a neo-Nazi ex-convict! Sometimes his ex-con friends, also out of jail on parole, would come by to hang out. One morning, I heard loud banging on my bedroom door. "Police! Open up now!"

6 cops were outside my bedroom, yelling "Hands up! Go outside now!" All my roommates sat outside on the ground. The cop took my wallet. Since my roommate was out on parole, cops were doing a surprise inspection, checking for guns or drugs.

"Omg Raymond!" You say. "Did you move out?" Hell no. I was paying only $700 rent to live 1 mile from a gorgeous beach, in a townhouse with 2 swimming pools, a jacuzzi, + a gym. I stayed about a year longer. Surprisingly, my neo-Nazi roommate was always friendly to me, though he'd say racist nonsense.

While most I know in LA pay $1000-2000/month rent, I paid less than $800/month for a cheap room in Koreatown, one of the cheapest parts of LA. Could I have lived in Santa Monica, the most expensive part of LA, next to the beach, paying $3000/month for 1 bedroom? Sure.

I did live in Santa Monica 1.5 years but only paid $950 rent to live 5 blocks from the Pacific Ocean. How? I shared a bedroom with another dude but slept in the living room.

When IBM laid me off years ago, I didn't worry about money. I had years of savings + instead went to community college to study premed, then switched to work in spinal surgery.

If I get laid off now, same. I have years of savings + don't really have to work for years.

Money = Freedom. I work not mainly because I need money, but because I CHOOSE to spend my time learning + working on my specific technical problems, in my chosen industry (streaming TV).

Yet "36% of employees earning $100,000 or more say they are living paycheck to paycheck": https://lnkd.in/dG5yJvSt