臭虫最怕什么？

 臭虫害怕的东西有：1、杀虫剂；2、阳光；3、高温；4、桉树的味道。

1、杀虫剂：杀虫剂是很多害虫的克星，可以在墙角、缝隙处喷洒，将其快速杀灭。但喷洒杀虫剂后要注意通风，避免残余药剂对人体造成伤害。

2、阳光：臭虫惧怕阳光，喜欢阴暗的环境，经常会躲在一些缝隙中，因此要经常将被褥、床单等拿到阳光下进行晾晒，不仅能消灭臭虫，还能起到杀菌的作用。

3、高温：高温能将臭虫烫死，如果家中出现臭虫，可以用开水浇烫臭虫经常聚集的缝隙死角，床上用品在清洗前也可以先用热水浸泡一下，能够起到杀灭臭虫的效果。

4、桉树的味道：臭虫害怕桉树散发的气味，因此可以在臭虫出没的地方摆放一些桉树叶或桉树粉，以达到驱逐的目的。

另外，应注意保持室内的卫生，勤通风、勤打扫，臭虫便无处藏身。

臭虫能承受的最高温度是多少？

 臭虫能承受的最高温度为45度左右。

臭虫能适应的温度相当广泛，当环境温度为16度左右时，成虫为了能活的更久会让自己进入半休眠状态；当温度下降到-10度是，臭虫也可以存活至少五天；不过如果臭虫暴露在-32度的低温环境里，就会在15分钟后死亡。臭虫还具高度抗旱性，就算在气温为35–40 度左右并且湿度低的环境里，臭虫在失去了体重的三分之一后仍然可以存活；但是在臭虫较早期的生长阶段中，它的抗旱能力还是比较差的。

臭虫可以在一个相当广泛的温度和大气成分比例环境里存活。当环境温度下降至16.1℃时，成虫会进入半休眠状态，使之能够存活更久[8]；即使温度下跌至-10℃，臭虫仍然能够存活至少五天；但若暴露于-32℃的低温，则会在15分钟后死亡[9]。臭虫具高度抗旱性，即使在气温达35–40 °C度而且湿度低的环境里，在失去了体重的三分之一后仍能存活；但在其较早期的生长阶段，其抗旱能力较差[10]。C. lectularius在众多臭虫科品种里的热死点最高：达45℃，而当温度高达46℃时，只要停留七分钟时间，所有臭虫不管在哪一个生命阶段都会捱不过而死掉[9]。

在46度高温时多久可以杀死臭虫？

 当温度高达46℃时,只要停留七分钟时间,所有臭虫不管在哪一个生命阶段都会捱不过而死掉。

臭虫怕高温，在温度大于45度时七分钟左右就会死亡，但是缺水对它的寿命没影响，成虫的耐饥饿时间可长达一年。

臭虫，又称壁虱、木虱、床虱、扁螂等。属昆虫纲，半翅目，臭虫科、臭虫属，是半翅目昆虫中具有医学重要性的一个群类。为不完全变态昆虫。体扁，腹部宽，卵圆形，红褐色，无单眼。触角4节。喙3节，藏于头下沟内。翅退化，仅保留前翅革片的残痕。跗节3节。吸食恒温动物的血液，夜出性，白天藏于缝隙中。

根据报道，全世界有臭虫74种，但绝大多数寄生于蝙蝠和鸟，与人类有关的种类较少。我国有2种：温带臭虫分布于长江、黄河流域一带，属世界性种；热带臭虫分布于华南、台湾及热带地区。

臭虫长有一对臭腺能分泌一种异常臭液，有防御天敌和促进交配之用，臭虫爬过的地方可留下难闻的臭味，故名臭虫。

近10多年来，臭虫在欧洲、北美、澳大利亚和亚洲等部分发达国家和地区重新出现。我国部分地区也日趋常见，有广泛发生的风险。大多数人被臭虫叮咬后皮肤出现红肿、瘙痒等免疫反应症状。臭虫侵扰会引起焦虑和失眠。虽尚未有臭虫传播疾病的报道，但在臭虫体内检测到了与人类疾病相关的病菌。

50度开水可以杀死臭虫吗？

 当然不会死，有科学家实验过用在90度的温度下，成年臭虫会逐步死去，但虫卵可以存活在高于120摄氏度的温度下，因为他们已经进化成非常顽强的害虫。

臭虫

 臭虫白天躲藏在住宅的墙壁、天花板、地板、木制家具、棕绷，甚至被褥的缝隙、孔洞、皱褶里，也会藏在公共场所的桌、椅缝隙里，晚上出来吸人的血。虽然还没有证据表明臭虫能传播疾病，但臭虫叮咬使人的皮肤瘙痒难忍，严重影响人们的休息和健康，有些人叮咬处引起过敏，出现荨麻疹肿块。在天气暖和时臭虫十分活跃，天冷时停止活动，冬天是消灭臭虫的最好季节。

消灭臭虫的方法有：
（1）烧烫：把开水来回多次浇进床板、床架、棕绷、家具的缝隙里，衣服、被单浸泡在开水里，这样可以杀死臭虫的成虫和卵。
（2）填塞缝隙：把倍硫磷调成糊状，填塞在床板、床架、棕绷、家具以及墙壁、地板的缝隙内，填塞后要经常检查，一旦发现填塞的油灰脱落，就应立即补充。
（3）曝晒：把被褥、草席、棕绷等放到太阳下面曝晒。曝晒的同时应拍打或翻动这些物品，把藏在里面的臭虫抖出来晒死或直接杀死。
（4）药物杀灭：可以把50％马拉硫磷、50％倍硫磷用水稀释100倍，喷洒在墙壁或床板上，用量按每张单人床400毫升计算。用药一次效果能维持2——4个月。在家具的缝隙处和墙缝处，可以把药液进行线状喷洒；也可以把50％敌敌畏乳油用水稀释200倍，喷洒在臭虫活动、栖息的场所，用量是每平方米面积100毫升。也可以用刷子蘸药液抹进床板、床架、棕绷、家具的缝隙里。这种方法对成虫的杀灭效果比较好，但对虫卵效果比较差，所以，涂药后6——10天应当再涂一次。还可以用25％凯素灵可湿性粉剂加水稀释80——100倍，喷洒在床板或墙面上，药效可以维持两三个月。在集体单位，可以把家具的缝隙充分暴露，把衣服、被褥、席子等悬挂起来，然后紧闭门窗，用敌敌畏乳剂烟熏4小时。

用什么东西可以杀死臭虫？

 消灭臭虫可以采用开水烫杀,日光曝晒,药物喷射等方法.

臭虫一般过群居生活,因此在适宜隐匿的场所常常发现有大批臭虫聚集.不论是若虫,或是雌雄成虫,它们都在晚上偷偷地爬出来,凭借刺吸式的口器嗜吸人血；在找不到人血时,也吸食家兔,白鼠和鸡的血.臭虫吸血很快,5—10分钟就能吸饱.人被臭虫叮咬后,常引起皮肤发痒,过敏的人被叮咬后有明显的刺激反应,伤口常出现红肿,奇痒,如搔破后往往引起细菌感染.

臭虫

 一、臭虫的危害

我国仅有温带臭虫和热带臭虫两种，雌雄臭虫和若虫均可吸血，活动范围一般在人居处，主要栖息于床架、床板、帐顶四角、墙壁、桌、椅、书架等缝隙处。
臭虫分布广泛、嗜吸人血，在室内栖息、繁殖与人关系密切，可能会传播某些疾病，如回归热、麻风、鼠疫、结核病等，但在流行病学上未得到证实，由于臭虫叮咬人，妨碍睡眠、休息和工作，且由于叮咬时将涎液注入人体，被叮咬的部分常出现荨麻疹样肿块，奇痒，也可以引起神经过敏、失眠及虚弱等症状，故臭虫对人体危害很大。

二、 臭虫的防制？

1、环境防制：改造居室环境，破坏臭虫孳生、栖息场所是根除臭虫的关键。
2、物理防制：开水烧烫，反复数次可杀灭臭虫和卵；人工捕杀，敲打床架、桌、椅，用针挑杀臭虫等。
3、化学防制：用1~2％倍硫磷或1~3％凯素灵乳剂喷洒或涂擦于缝隙处，或以1~3％溴氰菊酯膏剂等涂塞缝隙处,可获良好防制效果。

臭虫（bed bug）

 臭虫（bed bug）俗称壁虱、木虱，属半翅目（Hemiptera）、臭虫科（Cimicidae）。嗜吸人血的臭虫有2种，即臭虫属的温带臭虫（Cimex lectularius）和热带臭虫（Cimex hemipterus）。两者形态和生活史均相似。前者分布广泛，后者仅分布在热带和亚热带。

成虫背腹扁平，卵圆形，红褐色，大小为4~5×3mm，遍体生有短毛。头部两侧有1对突出的复眼。触角1对，分4节，能弯曲，末2节细长。喙较粗，分3节，由头部前下端发出，为刺吸式口器，不吸血时向后弯折在头、胸部腹面的纵沟内，吸血时前伸与体约成直角。胸部最显著的是前胸，其背板中部隆起，前缘有不同程度的凹陷，头部即嵌在凹陷内，侧缘弧形，后缘向内微凹。中胸小，其背板呈倒三角形，后部附着1对较大的椭圆形翅基。后胸背面大部分被翅基遮盖。足3对，在中、后足基节间有新月形的臭腺孔。跗节分3节，末端具爪1对。腹部宽阔，可见8节。雌虫腹部后端钝圆，有角质的生殖孔，第5节腹面后缘右侧有一三角形凹陷，称柏氏器（organ of Berlese），是精子的入口。雄虫腹部后端窄而尖，端部有一镰刀形的阴茎，向左侧弯曲，储于尾器槽中。
两种臭虫形态的主要区别是温带臭虫前胸前缘凹陷深，两侧缘向外延伸成翼状薄边；热带臭虫前胸的凹陷较浅，两侧缘不外延。
臭虫后足基部前方有l对臭腺，当受惊动时便会放出臭液，使臭虫爬过的地方都留下难闻的臭气，故得名为臭虫。
臭虫生活史分卵、若虫、成虫三期，成虫变配后必先吸血才能产卵，一个雌虫一生产卵200～300枚，卵长椭圆形，长1毫米、淡黄色，一端有盖，产出的卵由其分泌的快干粘合剂，粘于栖息场所的缝隙内或粗糙的表面上。卵经7～10天孵出若虫，若虫形似成虫，仅虫体较小色较浅，经五次蜕皮发育为成虫，成虫寿命一年，能繁殖3～4代，故它寿命长、繁殖快，具有很强的繁殖势能。

臭虫的生活史
住房的床架、棕棚、蚊帐、草席、桌椅等家具和用具的缝隙是臭虫的主要栖息场所，在严重侵害处，墙缝、地板、门窗、画镜线等处缝隙均能发现，在其栖息场所也常见有许多棕褐色的臭虫粪迹。它畏强光，白天多隐匿于栖息场所的缝隙中，夜间活动吸血。雌、雄臭虫和若虫均能吸血，它们耐饥力强，特别冬季不活动时，成虫不吸血也能活半年，若虫也能存活3～4个月。臭虫虽无翅不能飞，但它活动敏捷、机警，每分钟能爬1～1.65米，特别在夏季活动极为活跃，如它隐匿在家具或衣服行李中，便能随这些物件的携带而转移。
臭虫频繁叮人吸血，吸血时能分泌一种防止血液凝固的碱性涎液，通过口器注入人体，使叮刺部位红肿奇痒。抓破后引起继发感染，骚扰睡眠和休息，影响人们的健康和工作。此外，已有从自然界采集的臭虫分离到某些病原体的报道，并证实能在臭虫体内繁殖和随粪便排出，1977年Wills和国内1977～1981年，也都有从现场捕捉的臭虫检出乙型肝炎表面抗原的报道，因此臭虫是否能传病，尚为一个值得引起重视的问题。
臭虫的防治
(一)侵害调查 臭虫的侵害指征有粪迹、臭虫血迹，活臭虫等，以针挑法结合目测法检查可疑栖息场所(棕棚、床架、画镜线、板墙缝隙、桌椅、沙发等物件)的臭虫侵害指征，严重侵害场所能闻及臭虫的臭味。
(二)环境防治 环境防治的目的是铲除孳生条件，即整顿室内卫生，清除杂物，对床板、墙壁、棕棚等容易孳生臭虫的缝隙，用石灰或油灰堵嵌，有臭虫孳生的墙纸必须撕下烧掉。
(三)物理防治
1．人工捕捉：敲击床架、床板、炕席、草垫等，将臭虫震下、处死，或用针、铁丝挑出缝隙中的臭虫，予以杀灭。
2．沸水浇烫：臭虫不耐高温，可用开水将虫卵和成虫全部烫死、，对有臭虫孳生的床架、床板等用具可搬至室外，用装有沸水的水壶口对准缝隙，缓慢移动浇烫，务必使缝隙处达到高温，以烫死臭虫及其卵，对孳生有臭虫的衣服、蚊帐，可用开水浸泡。
3．太阳曝晒：对不能用开水烫泡的衣物，可放到强烈的太阳光下曝晒1～4小时，并给予翻动，使臭虫因高温晒死或爬出而被杀死。
4．防止散布：在有臭虫活动的居室，对行李家具等物品的迁移(搬迁或买卖)，务必严格检查，并作处理，以防止臭虫的带出、带入而造成播散：
(四)化学药物防治
过去历来采用二二三、六六六、敌百虫、敌敌畏防制臭虫，由于二二三、六六六的停用，敌敌畏、敌百虫持效短暂，也由于这些有机氯、有机磷杀虫剂易使棕棚变脆、断裂，不仅群众不愿接受，而且也难以达到消灭臭虫的目的，所以这几种药目前已不再用于臭虫防治。
倍硫磷是近年经实际使用证明消灭臭虫效果最好的药物，其特点如下：①高效：处理一次能达基本消灭。②持效长：涂药一次能维持药效数月，故它不仅能杀灭环境中的成、若虫，亦能杀灭处理后从卵中新孵出的若虫以及从外界新侵入的臭虫。③使用简便：不需喷药工具，只须用旧毛笔蘸取药液，自行涂刷缝隙。④费用低：处理一户约花一角钱。⑤较安全：倍硫磷毒性比敌敌畏小3倍，涂缝方法也不易被人触摸。
使用时，将50％倍硫磷浓乳液用水稀释50倍，成乳白色的l％倍硫磷药液，用毛笔蘸取，涂于有臭虫的缝隙中，涂药量单人床每张50毫升，侵害轻的，q要涂在有臭虫的缝隙中；侵害严重的，对室内家具、门窗、画镜线、踏脚板等缝隙，需全面处理。旅馆、浴室、集体宿舍等，只要一处查见，同室床铺、物件需全面处理。涂药前，要先擦去灰尘，以防药剂随灰失落。涂药后要晾干几小时。臭虫防治不宜用喷洒的方法，那样不仅效果差，且会使药剂飞溅，既浪费药液又不安全。涂药宜选晴天进行，同时晒洗衣被，最好一个单位(或一个里委)统一行动。在虫情调查的基础上，尽可能做到一处不漏。
除倍硫磷外，杀螟硫磷、辛硫磷有相似的灭臭虫效果，它们的配药方法、使用技术同倍硫磷。

丘疹性荨麻疹：本病与蚊虫叮咬有关，如臭虫、跳蚤、虱、螨、蚊等昆虫叮咬皮肤后注入唾液，诱发的过敏反应。皮疹为绿豆至花生米大小略带纺锤形的红色风团样损害，顶端常有小水疱，有的为半球形隆起的紧张性大水疱，皮疹多发于躯干、四肢，可成片或散在，瘙痒明显。预防措施主要为尽量少到草丛、树荫下或潮湿、蚊虫多的地方，室内可熏蚊香，发生皮疹后可外用含有激素的各种软膏或霜剂，口服抗组胺药如仙特明等，严重者可肌注地塞米松5mg, 一次即可， 或服用泼尼松15－20mg/日，连续3－4天。注意最好不用红花油等，因为有时会致敏，使病情加重。
　　

如何消灭臭虫？

 一、臭虫的危害

我国仅有温带臭虫和热带臭虫两种，雌雄臭虫和若虫均可吸血，活动范围一般在人居处，主要栖息于床架、床板、帐顶四角、墙壁、桌、椅、书架等缝隙处。
臭虫分布广泛、嗜吸人血，在室内栖息、繁殖与人关系密切，可能会传播某些疾病，如回归热、麻风、鼠疫、结核病等，但在流行病学上未得到证实，由于臭虫叮咬人，妨碍睡眠、休息和工作，且由于叮咬时将涎液注入人体，被叮咬的部分常出现荨麻疹样肿块，奇痒，也可以引起神经过敏、失眠及虚弱等症状，故臭虫对人体危害很大。

二、 臭虫的防制？

1、环境防制：改造居室环境，破坏臭虫孳生、栖息场所是根除臭虫的关键。
2、物理防制：开水烧烫，反复数次可杀灭臭虫和卵；人工捕杀，敲打床架、桌、椅，用针挑杀臭虫等。
3、化学防制：用1~2％倍硫磷或1~3％凯素灵乳剂喷洒或涂擦于缝隙处，或以1~3％溴氰菊酯膏剂等涂塞缝隙处,可获良好防制效果。

臭虫如何彻底灭杀

 臭虫如何彻底灭杀：1、用开水浇灌有臭虫的地方，可以烫死臭虫。2、可用各种蒸汽发生器，借蒸汽压力使从喷头的小孔喷出，以烫杀缝隙内的臭虫和虫卵。3、把被褥、草席、棕绷等放到太阳下面曝晒。曝晒的同时应拍打或翻动这些物品，把藏在里面的臭虫抖出来晒死或直接杀死。

臭虫如何彻底灭杀 臭虫到底如何彻底灭杀

　　臭虫习性

　　臭虫俗称壁虱，属半翅目、臭虫科。其发育为渐变态，生活史有卵、若虫和成虫3期，若虫和成虫都嗜吸人血。雌虫饱血后产卵，每次产卵数个，一生可产卵75～200个。

臭虫如何彻底灭杀 臭虫到底如何彻底灭杀

　　臭虫有群居习性，在隐匿处常可见许多臭虫聚集。吸血时通常停留在紧靠人体皮肤的衣被或家具上，成虫每次饱血需10～15分钟；若虫需6～9分钟。成虫耐饥饿力很强，一般可耐饥6、7个月，甚至可长达1年，若虫耐饥力不如成虫。

臭虫如何彻底灭杀 臭虫到底如何彻底灭杀

　　臭虫怕光，多在夜间活动。白天多隐匿居室及床榻的各种缝隙中，夜间活动吸血。它们耐饥力强，特别冬季不活动时，成虫不吸血也能活半年，它隐匿在家具或衣服行李中，便能随这些物件的携带而转移。

臭虫

 臭虫最怕3个克星是桉树味、高温和煤油味，一般家里发现臭虫时可在臭虫出没的地方撒些桉树粉末或者煤油就可起到很好的效果。

2、臭虫最怕桉树味道桉树会散发出一种很浓的气味，这种气味臭虫最怕，因此家里发现有臭虫时，可将桉树磨成粉末，和肥皂水一起混合成粉状，涂抹在臭虫经常出没的地方即可有效防治。

3、臭虫最怕高温臭虫怕光和高温，多在夜间行动，因此若发现家里有臭虫时可在臭虫出没的地方泼些热水，这样臭虫就会被烫死，如果是被子、床单之类的床上物品有臭虫，可先用热水浸泡下，再放在阳台上暴晒几天，这样臭虫就消灭了。

4、臭虫最怕煤油味煤油味很浓，一般人们都不怕闻到，当然臭虫也怕，若家里发现有臭虫时，在经常出没的地方撒些煤油就可杀死了。需要注意的是，煤油易燃，因此在涂抹时不要涂抹在有火的地方，避免发生火灾。

臭虫不耐高温

 臭虫不耐高温，可用开水将虫卵和成虫全部烫死，对有臭虫孳生的床架、床板等用具可搬至室外，用装有沸水的水壶口对准缝隙，缓慢移动浇烫，务必使缝隙处达到高温，以烫死臭虫及其卵，对孳生有臭虫的衣服、蚊帐，可用开水浸泡。

洗衣粉浸泡灭臭虫

 洗衣粉浸泡灭臭虫。臭虫害怕消毒粉和洗衣粉，因此可以利用臭虫的这一习性来将臭虫消灭，对不能用开水烫泡的疑似有臭虫的衣物，可用消毒粉或洗衣粉浸泡半个小时，操作完之后必须洗干净才能使用。

90度以上的开水 | 衣物

 臭虫无法承受45℃以上的温度，可用90度以上的开水对衣物、家具、厨具进行浇烫或浸泡，达到消灭的目的。臭虫：半翅目昆虫，靠吸食人和温血动物的血液生存。体扁宽，长4到5毫米(少於0.2吋)，雌虫体积要比雄虫大，红褐色，翅退化呈鳞状，有臭腺，分泌物有特殊气味。雌虫每个繁殖季节产卵200多个，一年繁殖3代或3代以上。世界性分布，昼伏夜出，吸血后即躲藏不出，所吸血需数天才能消化。

HOW TO AVOID COLLISIONS WITH FELLOW SKIERS/SNOWBOARDERS

 

Do you wait all year for the winter months, just so you can get back on the slopes? Snowboarding in Massachusetts is the perfect way to spend the cold season. Some people prefer to ski rather than snowboarding. How can skiers and snowboarders share the slopes and avoid collisions?

SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS

Many people assume that the two sports of skiing and snowboarding are similar. Although they both include descending down a mountain on boards, the actions of each sport are very different. Two important differences are the stance of the rider’s body and the blind spot for each sport.  Because of these differences, it is important that both skiers and snowboarders are aware of the etiquette they should use on the slopes.

FOLLOWING THE SKIER CODE

There is a code developed by the National Ski Patrol. It is best to review these rules prior to hitting the slopes.

• You must remain in control.
• You must avoid skiers in front of you because they have the right away.
• You may not stop directly on the trail.
• You must yield to other skiers before you descend.
• You must use safety devices to prevent runaway equipment.
• You must acknowledge and follow safety signs.
•  You must use lifts properly.

OTHER WAYS TO AVOID COLLISIONS

Both skiers and snowboarders draw a line in the snow as they descend. Doing this will allow the people behind you to be aware of your presence and the manner in which you are going down the hill. If you are behind a skier, make sure you take notice of their turns and ensure that you are giving them adequate space.

A simple yell that you are behind a fellow snowboarder can make a huge difference. By making your presence known, you can alert them and help them to be cautious of their surroundings. Sharing the slopes truly is an effort on the part of all people.

If you need to stop while on the slopes, it is best to make one swoop in the direction you want to stop. This allows you to leave the trail in a safe manner without placing fellow skiers in jeopardy.

Make sure that you respect the personal space of others. Getting too close to a fellow skier can cause a collision on the trail.

Skiing and snowboarding can be fun and exciting. At the same time, it is important to follow all safety rules in order to ensure the safety of others and yourself.

Dryer - 30 minutes | High heat

 

• If you want to only kill bed bugs and do not need to wash your clothes, simply putting infested items in the dryer for 30 minutes on high health will kill all the bed bugs.

One more proposal | Burning water

 

• When washing clothes, wash water at 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) on 30 minute wash cycles killed 100% of all life stages.  Washing at 40 degrees C (100 degrees F) killed all adults and nymphs, but only 25% of eggs.  So clearly, washing clothes for bed bug dis-infestation should be done at the hottest temperatures (about 140 degrees F).

Use small bucket or 10 gallon garbage Trash/Garbage Can/Bin, home depot $45.00 dollars/ each, and then soak beddings into 100 degree water. 

One idea is to burn water on stove, and then pour into garbage can. It is very dangerous to handle 100 degree water. I burned myself last weekend on my feet because of extreme hot water. 

It is better to use this burning water to soak those clothes first, and then use wash machine to wash them. Otherwise special bedbug detergent costs too much. 

https://www.amazon.ca/Formula-Bed-Bug-Detergent-concentrated/dp/B06XQKQLK7

 

Propose to remove all bed bugs inside the house | Julia's proposal

Feb. 27, 2023

I like to take the following approach after I spent whole weekend to work on bedbug study. 

1. All live bedbugs will feed itself from 2 to 5 days; small ones are hard to find from beddings, clothing pillows. 
2. I will use heated dry all wear clothes, coat, pants, sheets, quilt, pillows to run 30 minutes each load  to kill all live bedbugs on my bed. 30 minutes are enough to kill live bedbugs; even though those bugs are no need to feed itself, it is important to kill them using heat; 
3. For eggs, I will purchase a vacuum and then vacuum every day; It will take me a few days to work on this purchase;
4. If there is time, I will dry all my clothes, socks and all other clothes one by one even though I will not use them in short future. 
5. Keep me posted if you have ideas. 
6. I will share videos related to bedbug and all others on whatsapp. 

Suggestions:

1. Do not need to wash those clothes every day; Wash once a week using hot water is enough; Heated dry clothes put on daily and beddings every day, 30 minutes a load; 
2. We have to set up a checkpoint to see if there is any live bedbugs inside house; 
3. Study the following video, so there is no panic, 

4. Bed Bugs Facts and Fiction 

   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1GhM6H1tRg;
5. Wear long sleeve, long socks, long pants to sleep to avoid contact to those bedbugs. 

BORR stock | Two year later | Up to $6.00/ share

Feb. 24, 2023

I learn lessons from my investment experience on BORR stock. The stock went to merge 2 to 1 share, and then went up to $6/ share. 

Here are blogs related to BORR stock. 

Kia Sportage: Button Engine Start System / Description and operation

 

Description

System Overview

The System offers the following features:

–	Changing the state of engine ignition and power by using the start button.

–	Controlling external relays for ACC / IGN1 / IGN2 terminal switching and STARTER, without use of mechanical ignition switch.

–	Indicating the vehicle status on display by using LED or explicit messages.

–	Immobilizer function by LF transponder communication between fob and fob holder.

–	Redundant architecture for high system dependability .

–	Interface with Low Speed CAN vehicle communication network.

–	Interface with LIN vehicle communication network depending on platform .

The RKE and SMART KEY functions are not considered part of this Button Engine Start system and are specified in a separate system.

System Main Function

–	Switching of ACC / IGN1 / IGN2 terminals.

–	Control of the STARTER relay BAT line (high side) based on communication with EMS ECU.

–	Management of the Immobilizer function.

–	Management of BES warning function.

Button Engine Start System

The Button Start System allows the driver to operate the vehicle by simply pressing a button (called as SSB) instead of using a standard mechanical key.

If the driver presses the SSB while prerequisites on brakes, fob authentication and transmission status are satisfied, the BES System will proceed with the locking/unlocking of the steering column, the control of the terminal, and the cranking of the engine.

The driver can release the SSB as soon as this sequence is initiated. After positive response from immobilizer interrogation, the system will activate the starter motor and communicate with the EMS to check the engine running status for starter release.

The driver will be able to stop the engine by a short push on the SSB if the vehicle is already in standstill. Emergency engine stop will be possible by a long press of the SSB or 3 consecutive presses in case the vehicle is in ENGINE RUNNING.

If the conditions for engine cranking are not satisfied while a push on the SSB is detected and a valid fob authenticated, the system will unlock the steering column and switch the terminals to IGN. Another push on the SSB will be necessary to start the engine.

In case of a vehicle equipped with SMART KEY system, fob authentication will not require any action from the driver. For limp home start or in case of vehicle without SMART KEY, the driver will have to insert the fob into the fob holder.

•	Control Ignition and engine ON/OFF by Sending signal to IPM.

•	Display status by LED Lamp ON/OFF. (Amber or Green)

Indicator ON/OFF Condition At Ignition Key Off Condition

No	Character lamp	Conditions
1	Indicator Lamp ON	Door open, Tail lamp ON, ACC, IG ON
2	Indicator Lamp 30sec ON → Lamp OFF	Door close, Tail lamp OFF, IG OFF
3	Indicator Lamp OFF	Remote LOCK, Passive LOCK
4	Rheostat at tail lamp ON (Illumination lamp)

Indicator ON/OFF Condition According To Ignition Key's Position

No	Ignition conditions	Start Button LED status
1	IG OFF	White color LED ON
2	IG ACC	Amber color LED ON
3	IG ON (Engine OFF)	Green color LED ON
4	Cranking	Maintain LED status before cranking
5	Engine running	LED OFF

Operation for each function of button starting

1.

Electric power ON / Ignition ON – The electric power state changes within the range of OFF →ACC→IGN→OFF by pressing the button without stepping on the brake (Or with stepping on the brake) inside the car with FOB key (However, When the gear is not in P, the power repeatedly changes between ACC and IGN. Converting to OFF is impossible.) – The ignition is on when the button is pressed with stepping on the brake at P/N position with FOB key.

2.	Electric power OFF/ Ignition OFF – The ignition OFF is possible in the state of vehicle stop. (The ignition OFF state is possible regardless of the ATM lever position.) – The lever shall be shifted for parking in gear N by pressing the ATM lever release button after electric power off in P.

3.

How to off the ignition forcibly and to restart during driving – It is a method of forcibly turning off ignition in case of fuel leakage when the vehicle is overturned or of emergency (e.g. failure in accelerator pedal return) – The engine is off and returned to the ACC state when the button is pressed for 2 seconds and more than 3 times successively within 3 seconds during driving. The restarting is available for next 30 seconds regardless of FOB key and the electric power is changed through OFF → ACC→IGN→OFF by pressing the button without stepping on the brake (or with stepping on the brake) inside the car with FOB key. (However, when it is not in P position, ACC↔IGN is repeated. The conversion to OFF is impossible.)

4.	Function of 0.5 second delay for brake switch input. The starting is available when the brake pedal is stepped on within 0.5 second after pressing the start button in engine OFF state.

5.	State of start button indicator (LED) ON depending on the electric power state. – Electric power OFF : LED OFF – Electric power ACC state : Yellow LED ON – Electric power ON : Blue LED ON – During cranking : Maintaining the previous LED ON state before cranking – Starting ON state : LED OFF

Limp home mode

–	In case of no input signal for the brake (AT specification), the ACC mode shall move to “START” by pressing SSM for more than 10 seconds.

–	In case of problems with communication between EMS and CAN (the EMS state). the “START” state moved to the “ENGINE RUN” based on RPM input.

–

In case that one out of two SSM input lines is disconnected, The electric power cycling is available when SSB is pressed twice within 10 seconds (SSB LIMP HOME PRESS) The buzzer rings when the button is pressed in the first time. The electric power cycling is available and buzzer stops when the button is pressed twice within 10 seconds.

Smart Key Unit

The SMK manages all function related to:

•	"Start Stop Button (SSB) monitoring",

•	"Immobilizer communication" (with Engine Management System unit for immobilizer release),

•	"Authentication server" (Validity of Transponder and in case of Smart Key option Passive Fob authentication ),

•	"System consistency monitoring",

•	"System diagnosis",

•	Control of display message / warning buzzer .

The smart key unit masters the entire button engine start system.

In case of SMART KEY application, for example "Passive Access”, "Passive Locking” and "Passive Authorization are integrated for Terminal switching Operations”.

It collects information about vehicle status from other modules (vehicle speed, alarm status, driver door open...), reads the inputs (e.g. SSB, Capacitive Sensor / Lock Button, PARK position Switch), controls the outputs (e.g. exterior and interior antennas), and communicates with others devices via the CAN network as well as a single-line interfaces.

The diagnosis and learning of the components of the BES System are also handled by the SMK.

The SMK manages the functions related to the "terminal control" by activating external relays for ACC, IGN1 and IGN2. This unit is also responsible for the control of the STARTER relay.

The SMK is also controlling the illumination of the SSB as well as the "system status indicator", which consists of 2 LEDs of different color. The illumination of the fob holder is also managed by the SMK.

The SMK reads the inputs (Engine fob in, vehicle speed, relays contact status), controls the outputs (Engine relay output drive), and communicates with others devices via the CAN.

The internal architecture of the SMK is defined in a way that the control of the terminal is secured even in case of failure of one of the two microcontrollers, system inconsistency or interruption of communication on the CAN network.

In case of failure of one of the two controllers, the remaining controller shall disable the starter relay. The IGN1 and IGN2 terminals relays shall be maintained in the state previously memorized before the failure and the driver shall be able to switch those IGN terminals off by pressing the SSB with EMERGENCY_STOP pressing sequence. However, engine restart will not be allowed. The state of the ACC relay will depend on the type of failure.

The main functions of the SMK are:

•	Control of Terminal relays

•	Monitoring of the Vehicle speed received from sensor or ABS/ESP ECU.

•	Control of SSB LEDs (illumination, clamp state).

•	Control of the base station located in SSB through direct serial interface.

•	System consistency monitoring to diagnose SMK failure and to switch to relevant limp home mode.

•	Providing vehicle speed information

•	Start Stop Button (SSB) monitoring

•	Starter power control

Start/Stop Button (SSB)

A single stage push button is used for the driver to operate the vehicle. Pressing this button allows:

•	To activate the power modes ‘Off’, ’Accessory’, ‘Ignition’ and 'Start' by switching the corresponding terminals

•	To start the engine

•	To stop the engine

The contact will be insured by a micro-switch and a backlighting is provided to highlight the marking of the button whenever necessary.

Three (3) LED colors are located in the outside ring of the switch assy. They display the status of the system.

They are OFF(White) / ACC(Amber) / ON(Green).

BES(Button Engine Start) System State Chart

System STATES in LEARNING MODE

In learning mode, the BES System can be set in 6 different states, depending on the status of the terminals and Engine status:

System State	Terminal Status	Engine status
1. OFF - Locked	OFF	Stopped
2. OFF - Unlocked	OFF	Stopped
3. ACC	ACC	Stopped
4. IGN	IGN1, IGN2, ACC	Stopped
5. Start	IGN1, Start	Cranking
6. IGN - Engine	IGN1, IGN2, ACC	Running (means "self-running")

Referring to the terminals, the system states described in the table above are the same as those found in a system based on a mechanical ignition switch.

One of the features distinctive from the Mechanical Ignition Switch-based system is that the BES system allows specific transition from [OFF] to [START] without going through [ACC] and [IGN] states.

System STATES IN VIRGIN MODE

The BES System can be set in 5 different states (OFF LOCKED is not available in virgin mode), depending on the status of the terminals and Engine status :

System State	Terminal Status	Engine status
1. OFF - UNLOCKED	OFF	Stopped
2. ACC	ACC	Stopped
3. IGN	IGN1, IGN2, ACC	Stopped
4. Start	IGN1, START with special pattern of activation	Cranking
5. IGN - Engine	IGN1, IGN2, ACC	Running (means "self-running")

Referring to the terminals, the system states described in the table above are the same as those found in a system based on a mechanical ignition switch.

One of the features distinctive from the Mechanical Ignition Switch-based system is that the BES system allows specific transition from [OFF] to [START] without going through [ACC] and [IGN] states.