Tuesday, October 1, 2019

What The Middle Class Doesn't Understand About Rich People

5. The wealthy carefully monitor their associations.

People with high-level formal education like to associate with the academic elite. Physically fit people enjoy spending time with others who are fit. Religious people like to have fellowship with people of faith. And rich people like to associate with others who are rich.
Like attracts like, yet the wealthy are often criticized for having a closed inner circle that is almost impossible to break into unless you are rich. Successful people generally agree that consciousness is contagious, and that exposure to people who are more successful has the potential to expand your thinking and catapult your income. We become like the people we associate with, and that’s why winners are attracted to winners.
Set a goal to double the amount of time you spend with people who are richer than you. Who knows, it might just make you rich.

Learn to write - one statement a time

The wealthy are often criticized for having a closed inner circle that is almost impossible to break into unless you are rich. 
inner circle -> a closed inner circle -> impossible to break into -> you are rich 

Learn to write - one statement a time

Successful people generally agree that consciousness is contagious, and that exposure to people who are more successful has the potential to expand your thinking and catapult your income. 
contagious, what is contagious? consciousness 
exposure to people -> thinking, your income, -> work on your thinking -> expand your thinking
your income -> catapult -> catapult your income

Understand wealthy and middle class: The wealthy are comfortable being uncomfortable

Here is the article. 

Few people in the middle class really understand the mindset of the richest people.
After all, if they did, they would be among the top earners as well. We’ve all heard the remarks: Rich people are lucky, rich people had an unfair advantage, rich people are crooks, rich people are selfish, etc. These are mostly empty statements with little proof to back them up.

1. The wealthy are comfortable being uncomfortable.

Most people just want to be comfortable. Physical, psychological, and emotional comfort is the primary goal of the middle-class mindset.
The wealthy, on the other hand, learn early on that becoming a millionaire isn’t easy, and the need for comfort can be devastating. They learn to be comfortable while operating in a state of ongoing uncertainty. The great ones know there’s a price to pay for getting rich, but if they have the mental toughness to endure temporary pain, they can reap the harvest of abundant wealth.
It’s not comfortable for a millionaire in the making to forge ahead when everyone around her is negative, cynical, and unsupportive, yet those who can push forward are rewarded with riches for the rest of their lives. Make a list of the five things you must do today that are uncomfortable but will help you build your financial fortune.

Learn to write

Mindset - middle class - comfortable - three areas: Physical, psychological, and emotional comfort
goal -> primary goal -> middle-class -> middle-class mindset -> let us combine together, primary goal of middle-class mindset 
Five thing to build financial fortune, but uncomfortable:
1. Say that I want to be a millionaire before my 53 years old birthday
2. List three area to work on, USA, Canada and China
3. So many things to learn in finance, stock, personal finance, and learn the basics of finance industry. 

What The Middle Class Doesn't Understand About Rich People

3. The wealthy are more confident.

The negative projections and derogatory labels placed on the rich are endless. One of the most common is that the rich are cocky, arrogant people who think they’re better than everyone else.
The truth is successful people are confident because they repeatedly bet on themselves and are rarely disappointed. Even when they fail, they’re confident in their ability to learn from the loss and come back stronger and richer than ever. This is not arrogance, but self-assuredness in its finest form.
The wealthy have an elevated and fearless consciousness that keeps them moving toward what they want, as opposed to moving away from what they don’t want. This often doubles or triples their net worth quickly because of the new efficiency in their thinking. Eventually they begin to believe they can accomplish anything, and this becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. As they move from success to success, they create a psychological tidal wave of momentum that gets stronger every day, catapulting their confidence to a level so high it is often interpreted as arrogance.

Learn to write 


Here's How Rich People Choose Their Friends

Here is the article.

Wealthy parents have a different approach. Sure, they want their children to enjoy their years growing up. But they also know that building contacts, even as early as high school, can make the difference between a life of average success and one filled with uncommon opportunity. While most parents are hoping their kid becomes the quarterback of the football team or the most popular cheerleader, the rich are concerned about building the child's social infrastructure for the future.

The bottom line: Like attracts like. People with high-level formal education like to associate with the academic elite. Physically fit people enjoy spending time with others who are fit. Religious people like to have fellowship with people of faith. And rich people like to associate with others who are rich.

11 signs you will be a millionaire - You surround yourself with high-achieving people

You surround yourself with high-achieving people

“You are only as successful as those you frequently associate with,” Corley says.
Steve Siebold, self-made millionaire and author of “How Rich People Think,” agrees. “In most cases, your net worth mirrors the level of your closest friends,” he writes on Business Insider. “We become like the people we associate with, and that’s why winners are attracted to winners.”

11 signs you will be a millionaire - You're persistent

You’re persistent

“Most of us are good ‘starters’ but poor ‘finishers’ of everything we begin,” Hill writes in “Think and Grow Rich.” The majority of people “are prone to give up at the first signs of defeat,” he says, but not the rich, who don’t stop until they get what they want.
“If the first plan which you adopt does not work successfully, replace it with a new plan; if this new plan fails to work, replace it in turn with still another, and so on, until you find a plan which does work,” says Hill.

11 signs you will be a millionaire - You're decisive

Here is the article.

You’re decisive

After studying over 500 millionaires, journalist and author Napoleon Hill found that they’re decisive. As he writes in his 1937 personal finance classic, “Think and Grow Rich”: “Analysis of several hundred people who had accumulated fortunes well beyond the million dollar mark disclosed the fact that every one of them had the habit of reaching decisions promptly.
“Those who reach decisions promptly and definitely know what they want, and generally get it.”


Money rule - Start saving as early as possible

2. Start saving as early as possible

Time is your most valuable asset when it comes to saving for retirement, and the earlier you start saving, the easier it is to build a healthy nest egg.
Thanks to compound interest, your savings will snowball over time. So even if you don't have much to save when you're younger, simply getting started and stashing something for the future will pay off big time down the road. And the longer you wait to get started, the harder it will be to catch up.
Say you want to retire at 67 years old with $1 million in savings. If you start saving at age 25, you'd need to save around $375 per month to reach that goal, assuming you're earning a 7% annual return on your investments. If you were to wait until age 35 to start saving, though, you'd need to save around $800 per month to reach that same goal.
Additionally, even if you don't have much to save now, that doesn't mean you won't be able to bump up your savings in the future. It's easy to shove retirement saving to the back burner because you think saving what you have now won't amount to anything. But if you save a little now and then start contributing more once you get that raise, change jobs, etc., you'll still come out ahead compared to if you'd waited to save anything until you started earning more money.

Learn how to write - first paragraph

    time is asset -> time is most valuable asset -> time is your most valuable asset -> add when clause

    Add and clause -> the earlier you start saving, the easier it is to build a healthy nest egg. 
  nest egg -> a healthy nest egg -> build a healthy nest egg


Time is your most valuable asset when it comes to saving for retirement, and the earlier you start saving, the easier it is to build a healthy nest egg.

Actionable Items

Do not spend money on food. I should not spend money on parties. I should not be a party person. 

Money rule - Don't be too conservative with your investments

Playing it safe with your money may sound like the most practical thing you can do to establish a solid retirement fund. However, play it too conservatively and you may end up doing more harm than good.
For anyone who's not already a member of the super-wealthy club, one of the best ways to accumulate enough savings to reach millionaire status is to invest in the stock market. Now, that's not to say you should invest your life savings in that hot new tech start-up; instead, put your money in low-cost index funds and mutual funds.
Although the stock market will always experience ups and downs, these types of investments are a relatively safe bet over the long term. Over the course of several decades, you'll typically see average annual returns of around 6% to 10% with these investments.
Compare those returns, then, to the returns you'd see with a savings account or lower-risk investments like CDs and money market accounts. Even the best savings accounts have interest rates of around 2%, and the annual returns for CDs and money market accounts typically hover around 2% to 3%. At that rate, your savings may not even outgrow inflation – meaning your money could actually lose value the longer you keep it in these types of accounts.

Actionable Items

I found out my issue too conservative until March 2019, four months hundreds of hours research on personal finance. 


10 money rules that helped me become a millionaire at 28

Here is the article.

6. Live like you’re poorer than you actually are

The richer you become, the more frugal and low-key you should be. Too many young people waste money on things they don’t need — simply to show off to their friends or on social media.
There’s no shame in being young and poor. Drive a cheap car. Live in a modest home. Don’t eat out every day. Don’t buy clothes you don’t need (thanks to Mark Zuckerberg and Steve Jobs, wearing the same thing every day is cool). And then be the unassuming millionaire next door.
Once I became a millionaire, I purchased a six-year-old car and drove it for the next 10 years. After that, I leased a Honda Fit and drove it for three years. I still wear the same casual athletic clothes I wore in my 20s.

How to Become a Millionaire in One Year

Here is the article. 

5. Keep yourself open to learning

One of the characteristics that all the millionaire share is that they keep learning. Learning makes you expert and hence, enables you to make more money from your current business.
It also allows you to discuss different topics with others and helps you make new and knowledgeable friends. You do not need to have a teacher to learn things. Learning has become simpler and easier with time.
Read more and more books. Some of the popular books about business and finance include:
  1. The millionaire next door
  2. Poor dad and rich dad
  3. The intelligent investor
  4. Think and grow rich
  5. The richest man in Babylon
Listen to podcasts. Podcasts are a good way to learn things on the topics you are interested in. You can check them out on YouTube also.
Attend events and conferences. It is yet another way to increase your knowledge, meet different people, share your stories and listen to theirs.
Find out free and premium courses online. There are videos and courses on every skill you can think of learning. So, to upgrade your skills and knowledge and become a millionaire, you must enroll in one or two every month. Check out one of these popular small courses books (audio enabled) to becoming wealthy.

  1. Becoming Rich: A Method for Manifesting Exceptional Wealth (A Course in Manifesting)
  2. Rich Dad’s Guide to Becoming Rich Without Cutting Up Your Credit Cards
  3. 99 Minute Millionaire: The Simplest and Easiest Book Ever on Getting Started Investing and Becoming Rock Star Rich
  4. The Millionaire Booklet

Case study: work on Chinese millionaire dream

Oct. 1, 2019

Introduction


It is my personal finance research. I will celebrate my birthday this month, I will have 53 years old birthday. I like to work on a short research how to be a Chinese millionaire.

Case study


I have $30,000 Chinese yuan with less than 2% interest in China bank. I bought a condo back in 1999 for my mom, but I did not own anything after 20 years. 

I have to work hard, figure out how to invest in China. 

I cannot have Chinese cellular phone number since I am a Canadian citizen. I have emotion problems on spending, so I am afraid to go back to meet my siblings. I do not want to waste time and money on food, and vacation and leisure activities right now. 

I will figure out how to invest and then work on my dream. 


Case study: Work on my Canada millionaire dream

Oct. 1, 2019

Introduction


It is my personal finance research. I will celebrate my birthday this month, I will have 53 years old birthday. I like to work on a short research how to be a Canadian millionaire.

Case study


I did a short research first time how to be a millionaire today. I never thought about that I can have a million dollar asset in Canada. I just adopted frugal life style in March 2019.

Right now I set up my investment portfolio Victoria on questrade.com, my deposit is up to $50,000 dollars. And also I work on my RRSP, it is around $7,500 dollars.

How to be a millionaire? 


I need to learn how to double my asset? I have skills to be a software engineer, I work full time 10 years in Canada.

$57,500 -> one double -> $115,000 -> another double $230,000 -> another double $460,000 -> another double $920,000

I need to work on 4 double games. It is a long road for me to work on.



Case study: Work on US millionaire dream

Oct. 1, 2019

Introduction


It is my personal finance study. I will have birthday this month, I will celebrate 53 years old birthday. I am working on the millionaire study in USA. How can I be a USA millionaire?

Case study


I went to USA in 1996. I lived in USA from 1996 to 2010. This year my rental property value went up, the neighbor sold a few months ago $135,000 US dollars. I went back to set up my Par 401 K and Key Largo IRA, and also I plan to find some very good investment stock to purchase when recession comes.

How can I be a USA millionaire? One idea is to get a job from Facebook in MPK park. I went to Facebook onsite in August 2019, but I could not get an offer.

I know that wealth is like a tree, start from a seed. Right now, I have to figure out how many double games I should play in order to reach million dollars. Only three double away.

Here is the math:
$135,000 real estate
    35,000 IRA, 401 K and cash
-----------------
$170,000 US dollars
$170,000 -> one double -> $340,000 -> second double $680,000 -> third double $1,308,000

It is impossible that my condo will double the value. The property tax in Florida is 2%, and the maintenance fee is $250/ monthly.

Actionable Items


I never thought about from 2001 to 2010 that I may become a millionaire in USA asset. I went through difficult time in 2008, lived on home equity line, and then filed appeal leave for Canada skilled immigration case.

But if I have confidence no matter poor or rich, with/ without a job, I always work on research how to invest, work on personal finance research, actually in 2009, it is best time to invest my IRA and 401 K into US index fund.

I had net income over $110,000 US dollar from 1999 to 2001, but I did not learn enough about investment. Based on my research, ROSS store stock was around $2 dollars in 1999, but in 2019 the stock is around $100 dollars. If I learn how to analyze the business, then I will definitely will save all money on clothes, invest on ROSS stock.

Here is the blog I documented my 401 K contribution from 1999.



 



What Are the Traits of Exceptional Engineering Leaders?

Here is the link.


What if my current job requires me to solve Leetcode 600 algorithms?

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


It is my short research idea. What if my current job requires me to solve Leetcode 600 algorithms? How can I solve another 154 algorithms in short time period?

Case study


I definitely can tell the difference how fast I can complete a small project at work. How quickly I can write code using JavaScript, html and CSS, even though I have not written last six months.

I have some freedom to look into technologies I should adopt. But based on my experience, I think that through a lot of algorithm and data structure practice, I make so many errors, and experience so many difficulties, those are valuable for me to build my characters. I will become a strong problem solver.

One thing I learn from string search algorithm KMP algorithm. It takes so many hours for me to understand the algorithm. My reading skills cannot catch up, I tried to work on wiki article of KMP algorithm, but I could not figure out.

I like to look into this short research topic.

Monday, September 30, 2019

Top 12 Personality Traits of Ultra-Successful Engineers

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


It is most important task for me to find my weakness and then work on improvement. I did have two onsite in August 2019 from Amazon and Facebook, I failed both of them. I was thinking today, maybe I should check it out new research topic called personality traits related to very good engineer.

Case study


Here is the article I like to read first. I like to compare to myself, what I should work on one by one. I can solve another 100 to 200 algorithms, but I need to learn the basics of personality traits, and then I should figure out how to work on improvements.

  1. Trustworthy
  2. Honest / Speaking the Truth
  3. Clear Communication Skills
  4. Team Player / Good Working Relationships / Teamwork
  5. Open Minded / Seeing the Big Picture
  6. Thinking Ahead / Being Ready for the Unexpected
  7. Effectively Managing Risks
  8. Setting Realistic yet Challenging Goals
  9. Minimizing Complexity
  10. Assuming / Taking Ownership / Taking Action




Book Club Ep. 1: "The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need"

Here is the link.

9 signs you aren't as good at investing as you think you are - No. 4 You try to time your investments

You try to time your investments

People have a tendency to "shun the market when it's getting drubbed and venture back only after it has recovered," financial journalist Andrew Tobias explains in the updated version of his 1978 investing classic, "The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need."
However, "It is precisely when the market looks worst that the opportunities are best; precisely when things are good again that the opportunities are slimmest and the risks greatest."
In short: Don't get overly excited when the market is judged to be healthy, and remember that bad things aren't obvious when times are good. As Buffett likes to say, "You only find out who is swimming naked when the tide goes out."

9 signs you aren't as good at investing as you think you are - No. 3 You don't know how taxes affect your returns

You don't know how taxes affect your returns

The US government doesn't let you have the money you may make investing for free — when you cash in, you'll owe what's called capital gains taxes. Some withdrawals, like those from retirement accounts in some cases, can be taxed as income.
Various factors affect how much you'll have to pay, such as how long you've owned the asset. You'll pay a higher capital gains tax rate on investments you've owned for a shorter amount of time. (There's another reason to invest for the long term.)
"Taxes can greatly impact your investments – both while you are working and in retirement," Eweka explained to Business Insider. "If you are working and have many years until you need to access your money, your taxes and strategy are a lot different than when you are retired and pay taxes as you withdraw money from the returns generated within a workplace retirement plan such as a 403(b) or 401(k)."

9 signs you aren't as good at investing as you think you are - No. 2 You set and forget your investments

You set and forget your investments

Yes, you should keep your hands off your money ... to a point.
Life happens, and there are times — particularly big life changes — when it's smart to review your investments and make financial adjustments.
For example, if you decide to retire early, you'll need to readjust your time horizon and the amount of risk you choose to take in your portfolio. As your money grows, and as you get closer to the end of your time horizon, the original portfolio you created may no longer suit your needs.

9 signs you aren't as good at investing as you think you are - No. 1 You think short term

Here is the article.

Just like in virtually every other aspect of personal finance, you don't want to rely on investing to "get rich quick."
It's a long term game, and one of the best things you can do for your investments is leave them alone. As certified financial planner Shelly-Ann Eweka advises, "Avoid impulsively selling an underperforming investment and stay the course with a diversified portfolio that is able to withstand inevitable short-term rises and dips in the market."
Legendary investor Warren Buffett sums it up nicely: "If you aren't willing to own a stock for ten years, don't even think about owning it for ten minutes."


Be curious - happy birthday 53 years old

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


I like to be curious and keep learning. I will turn 53 years old in Oct. 2019

Stay foolish and stay curious


I like to encourage myself to explore my career options. I like to build strong foundation of data structure and algorithm in next 12 months.


Matthew 26:41 “Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

Proverbs 4:14-15 Don’t follow the ways of the wicked; don’t do what evil people do. Avoid their ways, and don’t follow them. Stay away from them and keep on going.

Do not worry and happy birthday - 53 years old

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


It is time for me to prepare my birthday in less than 10 days. I like to remind myself to enjoy every day. Do not worry and stay positive.

My picture 


I took a picture and noticed that I may show less confident sometimes. It is time for me to gather the strength, work on my fitness, stay health and happy.


Isaiah 40:31

but those who hope in the LORD will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not be faint.

Build wealth and grow rich with more gray hair

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


It is so challenge to welcome more gray hari. I will turn 53 years old next month. I like to build wealth and grow rich, I start to learn that there are so many ways to build wealth, as long as I work hard, I will find more ways to get there.

My thought process of aging


I start to notice that I have to learn to work with my physical strength, understand how to work better since I am over 50 years old.


Luke 12:7
Indeed, the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Don't be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.

Fitness goal - 176 lb

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


It is my goal to control weight under 180 lb, same as US open champion Bianca's weight.

My picture 


I like to show my picture took today. I will turn 53 years old, and I like to work on my fitness and really focus on my health.

My hair will turn gray, and I will be so experienced to work on same job in 10th year.

Enjoy the aging process, embrace hard work. I like to lose some stomach fat, 10 lb will be great!


My art - winners embrace hard work

Sept. 30, 2019

Introduction


It is the inventory day at work. The secretary told us to clean the desk. And last minute of work the marketing girl likes to throw away the picture frame, I asked to keep it, and then I chose the verse I like, and make it a piece of art to put on my table.

My art  


Here is the verse with picture framework.


Julia is the name I use in the current job. I just found the verse from Google, and then add my name with five different colors - Julia.


A water cup with facebook logo is my daily tool to water the plants last few years. I got the water cup as a gift back in January 2015 in Westin hotel, a Facebook tech talk. After the talk, I asked the recruiter if I can get an onsite interview in the hotel next day. I guessed that they come to interview candidates in the city of Vancouver. I got one, but I could not solve a sliding window algorithm, and I started the coding blog called Juliacodingblog.com after January 2015.

I like to make my table more organized, so I like to use some folders to keep my printouts. I like to read books, and also take some break to print out the projects I work on.


I am so luck to live in Canada from 2010, so that I learn to build better healthy life style. Play tennis in the central park of Burnaby city. I have a charming personality to play over hundreds players. I start to learn to read people, and also learn to a really good sports player as well.


I like to be a winner. I just start to memorize the verse. I love the discipline of it. In other words, hard work discipline me. I need to train myself using Leetcode algorithms first. Meet people in mock interview first. Write discussion post first.

I love the trade-off I am making to win.
Here are highlights of trade-offs:
1. Try to minimize time to finish projects;
2. Increase my ability to solve problems;
3. Train myself hard to write algorithm and data structure problems first;
4. Leave system design as is. Learn by reading is not good enough, I should try to learn by practice, real coding on Leetcode online judge;
5. I should train myself to do good testing first on Leetcode, I will learn and adapt to my work quickly.

I WILL TEACH YOU TO BE RICH (BY RAMIT SETHI)

Here is the link.


Sunday, September 29, 2019

THE LITTLE BOOK THAT BEATS THE MARKET (BY JOEL GREENBLATT)

Here is the video I like to watch.


The Greatest Value Investors of All Time - Joel Greenblatt

Joel Greenblatt and his magic formula

Before he turned 30, Greenblatt started the Gotham Capital hedge fund in 1985 and ran it until 2006, when he returned investors' money and stepped aside. He is now a professor at the Columbia Business School and is the co-founder of the Value Investors Club website. What has captured the attention of avid value investors, however, are his books; most notably, the best-selling The Little Book That Beats the Market.
In the book, after explaining the basics of value investing, Greenblatt claims to have a "magic formula" that will beat the market. The big secret? Rank companies by their earnings yields and on their return on capital, combine the rankings, and buy the top dozen or so companies. The earnings yield of a stock is calculated by flipping the P/E ratio. Instead of dividing the price by EPS, divide the EPS by the stock's price. The result, when expressed as a percentage, is the earnings yield. This percentage can be easily compared to bond yields, assuring investors they are accepting a greater potential for rewards by investing in stocks, a riskier asset class than bonds.  The return on capital looks for how much companies have to pay to buy the assets that created their earnings.
That simple formula, Greenblatt insists, is the secret to successful and simple investing.
Investment track record: For the two decades that Greenblatt managed Gotham Capital, the fund returned an annualized rate of 40%. That return is simply staggering and is more than Buffett averaged over any two-decade period.
Important lesson: While there are several lessons I've personally taken away from Greenblatt over the years, one of my most profound epiphanies was when I realized why Greenblatt was so high on companies that had high returns on capital. It was a way to quantify a company's moat, a competitive advantage a business holds over its competition and one of the singular factors Buffett seeks out in his investments. In The Little Book, Greenblatt explains:
"To earn a high return on capital even for one year, it's likely that, at least temporarily, there's something special about that company's business. Otherwise, competition would already have driven down returns on capital to lower levels.
It could be that the company has a relatively new business concept (perhaps a candy store that sells only gum), or a new product (like a hot video game), or a better product (such as an iPod that's smaller and easier to use than a competitors' products), a good brand name, ... or a company could have a very strong competitive position...
In short, companies that achieve a high return on capital are likely to have a special advantage of some kind. That special advantage keeps competitors from destroying the ability to earn above-average profits."

The Greatest Value Investors of All Time - Warren Buffett

Warren Buffett: The Oracle of Omaha

As if he even needs an introduction , Buffett was born in 1930 in Nebraska. After graduating high school, he attended Columbia Business School where he studied under, who else, Benjamin Graham. Buffett would credit Graham's teachings for his successful investment career for the rest of his life. After running several successful investing partnerships, Buffett eventually disbanded them and invested in Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (NYSE:BRK-A)(NYSE:BRK.B), a textile manufacturing company. In the mid-1960s, Buffett took control of the company after aggressively buying shares and turned it into a diversified holding company, a corporate umbrella under which largely independent companies run their businesses separate from each other. Berkshire's market cap, the total market value of a company's outstanding shares, is now near $500 billion.
Despite his incredible success, Buffett still lives in the same house in Omaha that he purchased in 1957 for $31,500. To this day, he "only" makes $100,000 a year in salary for performing his CEO duties at Berkshire. Due to his incredible investing success, however, his estimated net worth is about $87.5 billion, making him the third richest person on earth.
Investment track record: From 1965 to 2017, shares in Berkshire Hathaway had annual returns  of 20.9% compared to the S&P 500 index's 9.9% return. To put that into perspective, in 2015 the New York Times calculated that, since 1965, shares in Berkshire Hathaway had gained a cumulative 1,826,163%! The company is a longtime shareholder of stalwarts like American Express Company (NYSE:AXP), Coca-Cola Co (NYSE:KO), and Wells Fargo & Co (NYSE:WFC).
Important lesson: Enough ink has been spilled distilling Buffett's investing wisdom to fill a large library, but my personal favorite comes from Buffett's 1989 shareholder letter. In this letter, he wrote, "Time is the friend of the wonderful business, the enemy of the mediocre... It's far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a wonderful price."
Buffett first followed what he called a "cigar butt" approach to investing, trying to find a company that was good for a last few puffs before disposing of it. Later, he came to understand that buying quality companies, defined as businesses with substantial economic moats, and holding them for long periods of time was a far superior approach to investing. This method allowed the magic of compound interest to do the heavy lifting. Compound interest is not only gains on the original principle, but also gains on accumulated interest. While this sounds trivial, over time, it exponentially powers returns. 
As he put it, "Time is the friend to the wonderful business." Indeed.

The Greatest Value Investors of All Time - Shelby Cullom Davis

I will play with the content and then make my study notes. 


Shelby Cullom Davis: The insurance investor

Shleby Cullom Davis (it is important to use his middle name because his son by the same name was also a successful investor) is unique because he did not start investing until he turned 38. Before turning to a life in investment, Davis was a freelance writer and economic advisor to New York Governor Thomas Dewey. In 1947, Davis took an inheritance his wife received from a family owned furniture chain, and began investing. For years, Davis would stick almost wholly to investing in insurance companies because he liked their business model of being able to invest the float, the money insurers can invest between the time they collect a premium to when they have to pay out a claim.
Davis studied the principles of Benjamin Graham religiously and purposefully sought out insurance companies with low P/E ratios and good management teams. He also checked their balance sheets to ensure they did not invest the float in risky assets like junk bonds, debt issued to companies with questionable credit ratings . A trip to Japan in the 1960s proved especially fortuitous, as he discovered Japanese insurance companies were not only more undervalued than American insurance companies but also enjoyed a bigger moat, or competitive advantage, due to regulations limiting the number of insurers allowed to operate.
Investment track record: Davis started investing with $50,000 and ended, at the time of his death in 1994, with a fortune worth more than $900 million, an incredible 23% average annual compound growth rate! His most notable investments, outside of Japan, included insurers such as American International Group, Chubb, and Progressive.
Important lesson: Davis liked to buy companies with low P/E ratios that would double their earnings growth over time. As the earnings grew, however, so did the companies' valuation levels as expressed by metrics such as the P/E ratio.. When the P/E ratio and earnings both doubled, Davis would affectionately call this the "Davis Double Play". Each of these, by definition, would result in an investment returning at least four times its value. As John Rothchild wrote in his biography on the Davis family, The Davis Dynasty, this quickly became powerful math:
"In 1950, insurance companies sold for four times earnings. Ten years later, they sold for 15 to 20 times earnings, and their earnings had quadrupled ... What he'd bought for four times $1, they bought for 18 times $8. His $4,000 investment was now worth $144,000 in Mr. Market's estimation ... Davis called this sort of lucrative transformation "Davis Double Play." As a company's earnings advanced, giving the stock an initial boost, investors put a higher price tag on the earnings, giving the stock a second boost."
While it might be almost impossible to find a stock with a valuation that has the potential to double in a few years in this market, the principle behind the Davis Double Play is as powerful as ever. Stocks with potential for earnings growth and multiple expansion, provide a powerful combination to boost investors' returns.

The Greatest Value Investors of All Time - Benjamin Graham

Benjamin Graham: The father of value investing

Graham became a partner at a Wall Street firm just six years after graduating college. For 30 years, from 1926 to 1956, he lectured on a range of financial matters at Columbia University. After suffering great losses in the crash of 1929, Benjamin Graham learned his lessons and described them in his seminal books, Security Analysis in 1934 and The Intelligent Investor in 1949. In Security Analysis, Graham defined the difference between investments and speculations as, "An investment operation is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and an adequate return. Operations not meeting these requirements are speculative."
Graham's notions of careful selection of stocks for a portfolio paved the way for fundamental analysis, the attempt to determine a company's intrinsic value, or what a company is actually worth, by studying the business's underlying quantitative and qualitative factors.
Investment track record: After the publication of Security Analysis in 1934, the Graham-Newsome Corporation averaged 17% annual returns until 1956 when the company was terminated. During this time, Graham outperformed the market average by at least 2.5% annually.
Though normally widely diversified by investing in stocks across a number of different sectors, Graham once invested more than 20% of his portfolio to acquire GEICO, the property and casualty insurance company. While they held it, the value of the holding increased an incredible 200 times, from about $700,000 to more than $1 billion!
Important lesson: I believe the most valuable lesson to take away from Graham is that the market is not always efficient, meaning that stocks often sell below their intrinsic value, what a stock is actually worth. In Intelligent Investor, Graham wrote:
"Imagine that in some private business you own a small share that cost you $1,000. One of your partners, named Mr. Market, is very obliging indeed. Every day he tells you what he thinks your interest is worth and furthermore offers either to buy you out or to sell you an additional interest on that basis. Sometimes his idea of value appears plausible and justified by business developments and prospects as you know them. Often, on the other hand, Mr. Market lets his enthusiasm or his fears run away with him, and the value he proposes seems to you a little short of silly."
Graham developed the notion of the margin of safety, the gap between the stock's intrinsic value and current market price. The further the market price was below the intrinsic value, the more likely it is that investors will score a winning investment. This stands in stark contrast to the efficient market hypothesis, which states that all information is factored into a stock's market price. The implication of this theory being that "beating the market" is a matter of chance, not skill and hard work.
Graham's track record is a testament, however, to the belief that waiting for Mr. Market to irrationally offer investors great entry points for stocks is a proven way to beat the market.

Joel Greenblatt: "The Little Book that Beats the Market" | Talks at Google

Here is the link.


Joel Greenblatt is a managing partner of Gotham Capital, a hedge fund that he founded in 1985 and Gotham Asset Management, a manager of hedge funds and long/short mutual funds. He is the former Chairman of the Board of Alliant Techsystems, a NYSE listed aerospace and defense company. Since 1996, he has been a professor on the adjunct faculty of Columbia Business School where he teaches Value and Special Situation Investing. He is the author of three books, You Can Be A Stock Market Genius (1997), The Little Book That Beats The Market (2005), and The Big Secret for the Small Investor (2011). Mr. Greenblatt is a co-founder of Success Academy Charter Schools, a network of 41 charter schools in New York City and the former Chairman of the Board of Overseers of the Graduate School of Education at the University of Pennsylvania. He holds a BS and an MBA from the Wharton School.

Brief outline of topics covered: How to think about the Stock Market Active vs. Passive Investing, which should you choose? Is the market really efficient? What does that mean? What is the opportunity for active investors, if any? What are the opportunities for individual investors? How should most people invest? How should you invest? This talk was moderated by Saurabh Madaan.

How Scammers in China Manipulate Amazon

Here is the article.


Keep a good habit to code every day.

Sept. 29, 2019

Introduction


Coding is a good habit for me to maintain. I like to write about it, and I like to understand importance of crafting skills as a software programmer.

Code challenges


Here are some ideas to work on coding every day.




Top interviewer on interviewing.io

Sept. 29, 2019

Introduction


It is so surprising to learn that I am one of top interviewers on interviewing.io.

An email



Why Amazon Is Gobbling Up Failed Malls | WSJ

Here is the video.


California Home Prices Are Soaring. Here's Why | WSJ

Here is the link.


Low Inflation Haunts the Fed: Here's Why | WSJ

Here is the link.


How Negative Yields Work | WSJ

Here is the article.


From pecan to peanut, and back to pecan

Sept. 29, 2019

Introduction


It is time for me to do some shopping in Costco. I need to purchase cooking oil, and also a bag of pecan. I like to write a story of my choice, from pecan to peanut and back to pecan.

Story


I started to work on my personal finance research on Nov. 2018, and then I like to work on frugality life style. One thing is to eat peanut instead of pecan. The latter one costs more.

I also have weight issue. I have to work hard to lose extra 10 to 15 lbs.

I went back to stock market as an investor, I saw my profit of Victoria went down zero and back to $1200 dollars, and then went down $700 dollars, multiple times. Am I so busy, should I spend time to think about selling high and buy low? $500 dollars difference is also making sense for one month. One time the profit went down to less than 10 dollars, but still above zero.

So I just relax my expense, choose to consume pecan instead of peanuts again.

I will come back later and see if I should look into this kind of behavior as a consumer, and an investor.