Wednesday, October 9, 2024

Snowflake: Now, It's Finally Time To Buy This Stock Aggressively (Rating Upgrade)

Oct. 09, 2024 4:37 AM ETSnowflake Inc. (SNOW) Stock

Here is the article. 

Summary

After its latest slide, I'm upgrading Snowflake to a buy rating, with a $154 price target (~35% upside from current levels).

SNOW has hit a very opportune valuation at <8x forward revenue, while many software peers with a similar growth profile are still trading at a low/mid-teens multiple.

Revenue growth is still strong in the high-20s, while new client adds and revenue retention rates also remain promising.

The company has leaned in on its AI strategy, believing that AI applications need to work closely in tandem with their data platforms.

Snowflake (NYSE:SNOW) serves as a great reminder to all of the hot AI stocks of today: investment fads in the tech world are often quite short-lived. It's difficult to remember this now, but cloud data warehousing stock Snowflake was once one of the hottest trades on Wall Street during the pandemic, with shares at one point reaching just shy of $400.

Fast forward to today, and investors have moved onto AI growth stocks and discarded Snowflake on its slowing growth trajectory. At issue is the company's consumption-based business model and the fact that customers have shrunk their usage in order to preserve their IT budgets. This year alone, shares of Snowflake have shed 40% of their value.

Upgrading Snowflake to a buy after its latest slide

I turned wary on Snowflake when it hit YTD peaks in the mid-$200s earlier this year, and I last wrote a cautious neutral article in July, when the stock was still trading in the mid-$130s. Now, however, after Snowflake's shares have finally dipped below my key $120 levels after a decent but overall disappointing Q2 earnings release and plans for a $2 billion debt raise, I am finally advocating for a buy on Snowflake.

One key thing to note here: alongside its Q2 earnings print, Snowflake announced that its board authorized an additional $2.5 billion for share repurchases, on top of the $492 million (of an original $2 billion amount) that was remaining under the existing repurchase agreement. The ~$3 billion of gunpowder that Snowflake now has for repurchases represents a healthy ~8% chunk of the company's current market cap (though one could argue that the company was too hasty in executing the first ~$1.5 billion in repurchases as the stock kept falling). The $2 billion debt offering, which takes a convertible structure with minimal interest and deferred maturity (2027 and 2029), will be used in part to finance these buybacks. To me, this is an opportune time to buy back Snowflake shares while it's undervalued, and reflects management's confidence in turning around the ship.

Here is my updated long-term bull case on Snowflake:

Powerful expansion engine. Unlike many software companies, Snowflake stresses that it is not SaaS, nor is it a subscription company. As its customers' data volumes grow, so does its billings; which positions Snowflake for tremendous expansion potential within the existing customer base.

Massive TAM that is still growing. Snowflake estimates its overall cloud data platform TAM at $342 billion by 2028, which is double the market size of 2023. This also suggests that at its current scale of ~$4 billion in annual revenue, Snowflake is barely more than 1% penetrated into this market.

AI tailwinds. Data, and an efficient data management strategy, is the backbone of speedy AI models. Snowflake firmly believes that AI applications need to run close to their data platforms, necessitating thoughtful spend on data platforms like Snowflake. Snowflake's hiring of Sridhar Ramaswamy as CEO in February of this year also indicates the importance that the company is placing on its own AI strategy.

Secular tailwinds in both cloud adoption and data volume growth. In addition to AI, Snowflake also benefits from two ongoing and important trends in computing that predominated long before AI took center stage: the moving of technology assets into the cloud, as well as data volumes exploding as companies seek to understand everything they can about their customers. Snowflake's usage-based pricing model helps the company to capture tremendous upside here.

Cash-rich. The company has nearly $4 billion of cash on its books, which is tremendous firepower for share buybacks and potential acquisitions to chase growth.

Stay long here and use the dip as a buying opportunity.

Q2 download

Let's now go through Snowflake's latest quarterly results in greater detail. The Q2 earnings summary is shown below:

Snowflake's revenue grew 29% y/y to $868.8 million, exceeding Wall Street's expectations of $850.7 million (+26% y/y), while also decelerating two points from Q1's 31% y/y growth rate. As a reminder here: Snowflake's quarterly revenue growth rates are far more likely to be lumpier / less stable than other software companies, as a result of its consumption-based business model. The majority of software companies that run a SaaS business model won't see as much jumpiness because licenses and seats sold don't tend to move around much unless customers have massive layoffs or massive hiring sprees: but in a consumption-based model, customers' decision to ingest more data could suddenly cause a spike in growth. This is one reason that we don't think Snowflake is fated to keep dropping in the long haul. Budget concerns amid the current macro situation are holding back clients' spending, but over time as secular trends toward data volume growth and AI needs dominate, clients will eventually be spending again.

Snowflake's business consists of two key drivers: "land" and "expand," similar to other software models. Even amid tougher times, the company continues to do both. In Q2, the company ended with 10,249 total customers, adding ~450 net-new customers in the quarter and growing its customer base 37% y/y. Still, the company has roughly two-thirds of the Global 2000 that it could still sell into.

On the retention side, as previously mentioned, Snowflake's expansion rates have fallen this year as existing customers have optimized their spending. But we do note that revenue retention rates are beginning to show signs of stabilization in the high 120s. And we note that a 27% net expansion is still much better than many SaaS-based companies that are reporting a mid-teens expansion profile. It's not just Snowflake that's suffering in the current macro: even subscription-based companies are seeing weaker retention rates because its clients are cutting headcount or seat counts.

The good news is that Snowflake isn't seeing macro impacts getting any worse. On the Q&A portion of the recent Q2 earnings call, CFO Mike Scarpelli noted that the company is seeing signs of "normal" buying patterns:

Yes, I'll just say, orders showed from a bookings standpoint that it's a normal environment and we are very pleased with the deals we closed in the quarter. I don't see it any worse. It's not euphoric or anything, but it's very stable customer buying pattern we're seeing. And in terms of consumption trends, obviously, we just guided our revenue right now for the quarter. We've beaten, we've raised the full year as well too, and that's seeing the consumption trends up through this week. So, we're pleased with that right now with what we're seeing."

To me, this indicates that Snowflake has plenty of room to surprise us to the upside, especially as its Q3 guidance calls for only 22% y/y revenue growth, and next year's consensus also calls for 23% growth. Snowflake tends to start initial deployments small, but once the company's new customers start using the platform more, they become more meaningful contributors to revenue. The company notes that it's pleased with new customer additions, which will become more material on revenue in FY26.

One "watch list" item that we continue to be concerned about is Snowflake's margin profile. Pro forma operating margins continued to recede. Though Snowflake 5% pro forma operating margin is still positive, it's 3 points worse y/y relative to an 8% margin in the year-ago Q2. The company keeps hiring, and isn't executing any layoffs like many of its struggling peers. It's a move that demonstrates confidence in a recovery, to be sure, but we'd also prefer the company to be more conservative and see operating margins expanding while growth is slowing down.

Valuation and key takeaways

At current share prices near $114, Snowflake trades at a market cap of $38.20 billion. After we net off the $3.93 billion of cash on its latest balance sheet (currently unencumbered of debt before the convertible notes are issued), its resulting enterprise value is $34.27 billion.

Meanwhile, for next year FY26 (the year for Snowflake ending in January 2026), Wall Street analysts have a consensus revenue target of $4.33 billion for the company, or 23% y/y growth. This puts Snowflake's valuation at 7.9x EV/FY26 revenue, a sharp cry from when Snowflake traded at multiples in the high teens.

We note that many of its fellow software stocks that were also popular in the pandemic have maintained bloated valuation multiples, like Palantir (PLTR) - whose current growth rate in the mid-20s is even slightly below Snowflake's. A number of other software companies with mid-20s growth have also held on to elevated revenue multiples:

My 12-month price target on Snowflake is $154, representing 11x forward revenue (still more modest than peers above) and ~35% upside from current levels. Use the dip here as a well-timed buying opportunity.

 

The easiest way to calculate stock’s target price and why the target price is important.

Here is the link. 



Build your first stock market app without programming skills.

Here is the link. 

Did you know that you can build your own simple web-based application even without programming skills? Read my detailed guide and download the code to extract stock target prices, social sentiment, and earnings data, and to define the strength of the trend for your selected stock. This knowledge will help you understand when is the best time to buy stocks.

You will be able to build your first app using JavaScript even if you have never coded before. I divided my development process into three stages and wrote three separate articles for each stage. If you don't want to read and learn, you can just download VSCode, download my code (JS and HTML files), open them with VSCode, and drag the HTML file to an open browser window to get a working stock market app. Please keep in mind that in order to make your app work correctly you need to use API key. Use my referral link to get Premium Financial modeling Prep endpoints. But you can also use a free version, if you want. Once you register with Financial modeling prep and get your custom key, input it to the Script.js file where it says const apiKey = ""; Input the key inside ""

And if you want to learn and follow step-by-step app creation process, read the below articles.

Stock target price extraction.

Social sentiment extraction

EPS extraction, putting all parts together, and making our web app look beautiful.

Let me explain how to read the data in more detail.

The stock target price shows share growth potential based on FCF growth estimates, cost of money, projected company growth dynamics, and many other factors. If a company's stock target price is greater than its market price, it means the stock is undervalued. If the market price is higher than the stock target price, the stock is overvalued. If the market price equals the target price, the stock is fairly valued.

Social sentiment shows traders' expectations for your selected stock. Social sentiment is extracted by scanning social media, such as Twitter, and counting positive, negative, and neutral mentions. If a stock has more positive mentions, it means that traders expect the stock to rise in value.

EPS data provides a powerful indicator for analysts and traders. If a company's actual EPS is better than analysts' EPS expectations, traders gain higher confidence in the stock, which can mean that the stock will grow in value soon. EPS also serves as a great indicator of a company's strength when compared to the EPS of its closest peers.

All three indicators combined provide a strong indication of the strength of the trend. If your selected stock has strong growth potential, many positive mentions, and actual EPS higher than analysts' expectations, the share price can have strong growth support and a high probability of rising or maintaining its upward trajectory.

If you are interested in calculating stock target price manually using custom assumptions you can use several valuation models:

  1. Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

  2. Discounted Cash Flow Model (DCF) one of the most popular valuation model.

  3. Price income model, simplest valuation model that requires you to use minimum assumptions.


钱少就该去赌一把吗?

 钱少就该去赌一把吗?


由此可以探讨两个经常被误读的话题:

1、钱少的投资者就该买高风险的股票吗?

当你的筹码是“有限的”钱时,钱少的人和钱多的人,只是数字上的区别,下注应该以比例、而非金额来区隔。

有些人觉得自己钱少,慢慢搞来不及,所以要冒险。这和想去赌场提款一样愚蠢(除非你是数学博士)。难道钱少就可以不遵循概率的法则?难道钱少就要去赌场,活生生把自己推入大数定律的绞肉机?

这就是为什么“穷人”常自暴自弃,快速地赌掉了最后的筹码。

2、创业者是在卖“命”。

 接着上个话题,“我手上就两千块,即使按照巴菲特的回报率,我这辈子也买不起房啊?”

回答:

1、假如你用钱做筹码,你就要遵循钱的概率原则;

2、你还可以有另外的筹码,以另外的下注方式,卖命。

也就是:卖掉你的命运,以及动脑、吃苦、拼命。

创业仍然是小概率事件。即使你的智慧、精力、时间是零成本,即使你不断试错、不断探索,让你的成功率越来越高,最后跑出来的也不多。

大公司的创新,很多时候不比创业者成功率更高。所以他们买入那些跑赢了的创业公司。某种意义上,他们就是买创业者“小荷才露尖尖角的好命”,避免自己付出大公司极高的试错成本。

期望值理论(智者的基本决策工具)

 举例B:(来自《黑天鹅》作者)

塔勒布在投资研讨会说:“我相信下个星期市场略微上涨的概率很高,上涨概率大概70%。”但他却大量卖空标准普尔500指数期货,赌市场会下跌。他的意见是:市场上涨的可能性比较高(我看好后市),但最好是卖空(我看坏结果),因为万一市场下跌,它可能跌幅很大。 

分析如下:

假使下个星期市场有70%的概率上涨,30%的概率下跌。

但是如果上涨只会涨1%,下跌则可能跌10%。

未来预期结果是:70%×1%+30%×(-10%)=-2.3%。

因此应该赌跌,卖空股票盈利的机会更大。

如芒格所言,巴菲特每天做的,都是算这个简单数学问题。与其说是一种数学能力,不如说是一种思维模式。知道容易,做到极难。

The Yellow Pad: Making Better Decisions in an Uncertain World Hardcover – May 16 2023 by Robert E. Rubin (Author)

前高盛董事長魯賓回憶錄:投資時的懸崖勒馬 沒人知道真正的谷底是哪裡 《蹚渾水的理由》書摘精選

Here is the article.

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  • 工商時報

當考量自己的個人投資組合時,我也試著嚴謹的分析風險。首先,我認為沒有人擅長在短期內持續預測市場行為(除了少數專業交易人),因此企圖這麼做實乃不智之舉。有件事讓我很火大,就是看著折扣經紀商對消費者打廣告,暗示他們有能夠打敗市場的分析系統。但事實與廣告剛好相反:世上沒有「華爾街的祕訣」,只有知識與紀律。假如有人真的知道這種祕訣,他們絕對不會公諸於世。

當我評估潛在個人投資時(比起個股,我通常寧可投資有人管理的基金),我總會試著判斷幾年後,而非短短幾季之後,會發生什麼事。假如我認為市場過於低估了迫在眉睫的風險(例如定價沒有考慮重大的地緣政治衝突,或通貨膨脹飆升),我就會稍微調整自己暴露於市場的程度,不會參與這些短期市場時機。

我也明白,無論我對短期或長期的判斷為何,都很難斷定這些判斷到最後是否正確。我在評估別人的預測時也是一樣的道理,當人們向我表達對市場的判斷時,我總是會問他們:「這個判斷的不確定性有多高?」

我預測的不確定性,形式可能有很多種。

第一,我可能誤判負面結果發生的機率。特別是,我可能錯誤的假設未來必然會跟過去一樣──這是投資人常犯的錯誤,尤其在情勢相對穩定,或是長期以來都很正向的時候。最終,當投資人意識到世界其實已經改變,或許是經濟條件轉變,或單純因為市場做得太過火。等到那時候,通常都為時已晚,市場早已崩潰了。

第二,我可能正確預測了事件發生的機率,卻錯估後果的嚴重性。

第三,我可能正確預測了各種機率和嚴重性,但很倒楣,低機率的事件發生了。

我無法估計這些不確定性。我能做的,就是把它們列入考慮。假如我認為有10%的機率會賠掉一大筆錢,那麼我就會將它納入平均考量,並取得適合的期望值,接著我會說:「是啊,但你知道嗎?我很有可能是錯的,而且不是小錯,而是大錯。」因此,我會更加節制自己原本打算的做法。

我對於不確定性與風險的看法,會影響我在整體投資組合中願意承受的β估計值(β值是指市場績效與投資組合績效的相關性,比方說,假設市場跌了1美元,β值是0.7,那你就會賠70美分;假如你的β值是0.6,那就會賠60美分,依此類推)。我不只認清自己有賠錢的機率,也認清自己對機率與其嚴重性的判斷,有可能是不正確的。

因此,雖然我仍然以「α值」為目標(用來衡量投資在風險調整後,績效比市場好多少),但我的β值比其他類似的投資人還低一些。這並非因為我是風險趨避者(雖然某種程度上我是),而是因為我認為結果的不確定性比大多數投資人承認的還大,雖然不確定性是把雙面刃,我仍希望能限制負面的效應。

我也試著去考慮,每檔投資(無論股票、不動產、基金或其他任何東西)不只有下行風險,也有真正的尾部風險。有些人投資績優股,是因為他們假設這些公司的股價雖然會下跌,卻不至於會急遽惡化到完全倒閉。平心而論,發生這種事的機率真的很低,但不是零。例如很多人投資奇異電氣(General Electric Company),因為它曾被視為美國最頂尖的公司之一,結果卻眼睜睜看著奇異近年來穩定衰退。

有個普遍的看法是,所有風險(包括尾部風險)都可以藉由多角化策略來減輕。多角化確實有幫助,例如當我做了20檔投資,其中只有1檔的績效較差,那應該沒什麼大不了的。但假如股市大盤暴跌,且沒有快速回漲,那麼就連多角化策略也頂不住。而且,橫跨資產類別的多角化也可能衰退。在極為緊張的市場中,就算你橫跨的資產類別之間看似毫不相關(像是股票、債券、商品與不動產等),但實際上也可能有關,因為同一時間,所有人都在退場。

另一個普遍的看法是,投資人在市場強勢成長的時期,必須意識到尾部風險,但在市場大幅下行時買進的,幾乎都是大好機會。某次我跟自己參與的組織開會,討論該怎麼投資它的資金時,就有人提到這個看法。我們當時正在討論,假如大盤暴跌,組織該怎麼反應?「如果市場真的大幅衰退,那麼我們的形勢就很有利,」負責人說道,他是一位非常能幹且經驗豐富的資產經理:「我們有現金可以利用這個優勢,所以我們應該買進。」

那個組織的委員會中,大多數人都覺得這個做法很好,但我打了個岔。我告訴這些受託人,我以前的合夥人鮑伯.馬努金(Bob Mnuchin)曾說:「逢低賣出的人可不是笨蛋。」他的意思是,沒人可以猜到谷底在哪裡,或回漲需要多少時間。嚴重的市場衰退之所以會發生,通常都有真正的理由。市場總是有可能變得更糟,並且停留在低點很久。

沒錯,回顧第二次世界大戰後的每個市場週期期間,假如你在嚴重衰退時買進,總是會得到好結果,因為市場每次都會回漲。所以你可以說,只要我所在的組織從事的是長期投資,那應該要買進沒錯。但支持買進的人,都忽略了一個風險。過去總是奏效的策略,不代表它以後也會奏效。或許市場不回漲的時刻會到來,或者市場仍會反彈,但花的時間遠比以前還多。

1989年末,日本的股票指數「日經」接近39,000點,但接著就崩盤了,三十多年過去後,它距離完全恢復還有很長一段路要走。至於美國在下次嚴重的市場衰退後,是否會發生類似的事情?我們沒有根據能夠完全排除這個可能性──儘管可能性極低。

我的重點不是這個組織(或其他人)是否應該在下行期間買進。我的重點是,市場恢復時間極長,或完全不恢復的機率總是大於零。這個資訊應該能讓我們知道,我們對市場的暴露程度要增加多少。

正因為認清了鮑伯.馬努金的重點所在,我才知道我做個人投資時該採取什麼方法。假如股價在市場下行時大跌,我會將現金投資在我認為長期期望值極高的地方。但比起大多數財務狀況與我相同的人,我非常謹慎,也非常保守。換言之,我會放棄一些潛在好處,以避免在衰退惡化並長期持續時(雖然從歷史的標準來看,十分不可能),蒙受更大的損失。

這也導致我的個人投資策略與許多同儕相比,有個截然不同的地方:即使市場處於好的時機,我資產中的現金百分比還是稍微高了一點,假如市場表現好的話,雖然我不會大賺,但也不可能大賠。嚴格來說,當通貨膨脹率夠高,而且持續得夠久時,現金就會大幅貶值,但損失並沒有「通貨膨脹加上市場大衰退」來得嚴重。

換言之,我付出了機會成本,以減少可能局面下的損失,無論嚴重負面結果的發生機率有多麼微小。我不知道我在長期的績效會更好或更壞,但這種方式讓我覺得更安心。對我來說,減少風險所帶來的利益遠大於其成本。

這並不表示我的方法是唯一的正確方法。企業界與金融界有許多著名人士(我非常尊敬他們的判斷和經驗),可能會主張增加我這種投資組合的市場暴露程度,並建議在大幅下行時更積極的增加。他們會觀察上一世紀的市場模式,並承認這些模式可能沒有預言性(儘管這樣的機率微小,卻不是零),但還是願意承擔這個風險。

客觀來說,兩種策略沒有高下之分,而且兩個決策都不一定正確。我們對於風險的容忍度可能不同,或者做判斷時,在風險程度或不確定程度上有歧見。但這都不表示我們其中一人是對的,而另一個人是錯的。事實上,我們或許都盡可能做了最佳的選擇,即使我們的結論不同;前提是,我們都了解風險的機率,並且帶著嚴謹的紀律應用這項知識。

也能這麼說,理性決策可能不只一種,前提是你採取理性的方式決策。反之,如果沒有採取理性的方式,隨著時間經過,就可能導致更不好的結果。無論你的投資額是小是大,也無論你投資的是股票、債券或其他資產,只要將風險內化成一個範圍,並以嚴謹的紀律分析風險與報酬。最終做出明智選擇,並且隨著時間正面發展的機率,就會被提升至最大。

適用於個人投資的做法,也同樣適用於組織和國家。將風險內化成一個範圍,不僅對個人至關重要,對公司與政策制定者也很重要。


蹚渾水的理由:前高盛董事長魯賓回憶錄:沒把握的事,如何做有把握的決定。

高盛前CEO自传教会了我什么?

 

高盛前CEO自传教会了我什么?

康康 评论 In an Uncertain World  
2023-01-10 17:39:26 上海
来自豆瓣App

贝叶斯定理 | 期望值理论(智者的基本决策工具)

 期望值理论(智者的基本决策工具)

 

根据期望值理论,100%几率得到5000万,和50%几率得到一个亿,是一回事情。

贝叶斯定理,是聪明的决策者使用频率最高的简单公式之一。

说明:“用亏损的概率乘以可能亏损的金额,再用盈利概率乘以可能盈利的金额,最后用后者减去前者。这就是我们一直试图做的方法。这种算法并不完美,但事情就这么简单。”(By巴菲特)

举例a:(来自高盛前CEO鲁宾的传记)

“在两家公司宣布合并后,乌尼维斯的股票交易价为30.5美元(合并宣布前为24.5美元)。

这意味着如果合并事宜谈妥的话,来自套利交易的股价上涨可能3美元,因为乌尼维斯公司每股股票将会值33.5美元(0.6075×贝迪公司每股股票的价格)。

如果合并没有成功,乌尼维斯公司的股票有可能回落到每股大约24.5美元。我们购进的股票有可能下跌6美元左右。

我们把合并成功的可能性定为大约85%,失败的可能性为15%。在预期价值的基础上,股价可能上涨的幅度是3美元乘以85%,而下跌的风险是6美元乘以15%。  

3美元×85%=(可能上涨)2.55美元  

-6美元×15%=(可能下跌)-0.9美元

所以,预期价值=1.65美元  

这1.65美元就是我们希望通过把公司30.50美元资本搁置三个月所得到的收益。这就算出了可能的回报率为5.5%,或者以年度计算的话为22%。比这样的回报率再低一些就是我们的底线。我们认为不值得为了低于20%的年回报率而支付我们公司的资本。  “

鲁宾特别解释道,这就是他每天要做的事情,看起来似乎是赌博,而且的确也经常会输掉。但他要确保的,是大多数时候赚钱

交易制胜课程:从入门到精通需要多久?|《交易七律》系列四

Here is the article. 

努力学习如何正确交易

交易与其他行业并无不同。你会期望在参加完周末研讨会和读了几本书之后就成为一名脑外科医生吗?然而,为什么这么多人期望在如此短的时间内成为市场奇才呢?如果你有幸向一位成功的交易者提问,你就会意识到他们是付出了多少努力、时间、决心和损失的金钱才取得今天的成就。成为一名稳定的股市赢家与成为一名顶级律师、医生或商人没有什么不同。

首先,你必须确定自己真的想进行交易。扪心自问,我是真的对股市交易感兴趣,还是被它可能给你带来的金钱所诱惑?我一直记得读过一本书,名叫《安心致富》,作者是拿破仑·希尔。在采访一些行业的顶尖人物时,他得出了这样的结论:这些人热爱他们所选择的领域。如果没有钱,他们也会这样做。交易也是如此。如果你在市场交易中的首要目标仅仅是尽可能多地赚钱,那么我怀疑你能否成为超级交易员。如果你只是为了追逐金钱,那么只要你有动力去学习和研究市场上真正有效的东西,而不是一味追逐最新的热门交易理念,利用人们对金钱的热爱让他们采取行动,那么金钱就会成为你的动力。让我感到惊讶的是,有很多交易者甚至没有读过一些非常基础的股市书籍。对他们来说,读一本书、学一些基本原理似乎太费力了。然而,这些人却会在不到6个月的时间里,在追逐空想的过程中把10,000美元的账户亏光。面对现实吧!成功的交易不仅需要大量的基础工作,还需要持续不断的努力,这样才能在游戏中保持巅峰状态。

在《市场奇才》一书和二书中,你会发现,除了一位交易者之外,其他所有交易者都经历了多年的尝试和错误,更不用说付出了巨大的努力,直到他们成为稳定、成功的交易者。为什么对我们来说就不一样呢?难道说我们比他们更好?别搞错了,就像要成为一名顶级律师需要多年的紧张学习一样,成为一名顶级交易员也是如此。如果你想,那就给我打电话,我会看看你有什么是别人没有的。将交易的前三年视为上大学。股市就是老师,而你的初始账户就是你的学费(所以要少)。那么,努力交易意味着什么呢?我将其分为两个部分:

首先,你必须花很多时间分析你自己、你的个性、找到你最适合的交易风格、学习如何正确交易、阅读、学习、提问。基本上,你必须从头开始,建立一个适合你的系统。如果这听起来太费劲,那就太好了。你刚刚为自己挽回了一大笔损失。忘掉交易,转而去做你真正感兴趣的事情。 如果上述工作听起来不错,而且你迫不及待地想要开始,那么也许还有希望。 一旦你建立了一套适合自己的交易系统,并且有铁的纪律来遵守你的计划,那么保持交易领先就是一场持久战。作为一名交易者,你永远无法达到目标,但你总是在不断进步。你必须努力不断进步。永远不要满足于自己的交易系统。虽然我没有说“不断找错”,但我确实说过,每个系统和交易者都是可以改进的。市场会随着时间的推移而改变其特性,因此要不断研究新的发展会对它们产生什么影响。努力变得更加严谨,不断修正自己的错误。

是的,即使是资深交易员也会犯愚蠢的错误。看看杰西·利弗莫尔(我建议你不仅要读这本书,还要学习并敬畏他的操作方式)。早在20世纪初,利弗莫尔就是一位股票和商品交易商。他把一个小账户做到了几百万美元,但却不断亏损。一方面,他是有史以来最伟大的交易员之一,但另一方面,他又是个危险人物,因为他无法控制自己的情绪。当他把账户做到数百万后又亏损了,人们会认为这种经历已经足够痛苦,因此不会再重演。任何人都可能犯错,但不从中吸取教训则是致命的。可悲的是,在又一次重蹈覆辙之后,他无法面对再次卷土重来的念头,于是自杀身亡。

因此,虽然利弗莫尔是一位顶尖的顶级交易员,但他从未在自己的心理上下过足够的功夫。如果他能制定合理的资金管理计划,严格按照计划进行每一笔交易,就不会造成现在的局面。 教训是什么?即使你已经成为一名成功的交易者,一个致命的错误也潜伏在黑暗中,等待着你的到来。只有控制好自己的情绪,努力做好交易,才能避免遭遇灾难。

“交易大学”的四年课程

成为一名合格的交易者需要多长时间?没有固定的时间,但作为一般规则,我认为以下是一些指导原则:

0-1年

* 努力了解自己是否愿意花时间和精力去寻找一个不仅有效而且适合自己个性的系统。

* 阅读一些有关股市的基本书籍。不要读完就觉得“嗯,很有趣......” 真正尝试走进交易者的内心世界。了解他们在成功之前投入了多少时间和精力,他们走了多少次封闭的道路?是什么特点让他们成为如此优秀的交易者?

* 参加一些研讨会。但不要参加“揭示股市秘密”的研讨会,秘密就是没有秘密。参加有关基本图表阅读技巧、交易心理、资金管理等方面的研讨会,如果讲师很懂行,那就获得他的联系方式,并尽可能多地询问相关信息。

* 使用一个非常简单的图表软件包,开始查看一些股票和市场的柱状图。什么也不做,只是观察。

* 买一本自助书籍。可以是励志书或类似的作品,然后仔细阅读。自从我开始自我管理后,我的交易和生活都变得更好了。这绝对有助于找到适合自己的系统。

在第一年结束时,你应该知道交易是否适合自己。某种交易技巧应该比其他技巧更吸引你。顺其自然,这才是适合你的个性。

如果你发现交易不适合你?很好!你已经节省了很多时间和金钱。继续前进吧。交易并不适合每一个人。我认识一些交易者,如果他们想成功,就必须回到起点。在此期间,他们继续把钱交给市场。他们什么时候才会醒悟呢?

第二年

* 用少量现金开设一个账户。这是你的学习费用。作为学费的一部分,你要做好全部亏损的准备。

* 不断阅读、学习、参加研讨会并向成功的交易者请教。

* 开发出自己喜欢的交易风格。用手进行回测,了解系统给出的交易规模、规律和数量。例如,它是否有5次连续亏损的交易?是否有7次连续获胜的交易?这样,在激烈的战斗中,如果你的系统给了你5笔连续的亏损,你就知道没有什么问题了。每个系统在特定市场条件下的表现都比在其他市场条件下要好。

* 制定计划。尽量考虑到各种可能性。

* 不断观察图表。我不太相信通过模拟交易来了解自己在交易中取得了多少进步。原因很简单,因为在玩游戏时你没有情绪,而正是控制情绪将赢家和输家区分开来。

但我更相信的是玩模拟游戏,这样才能感受到资金管理是如何发挥重要作用的,并让你感受到任何机会游戏都有可能出现连胜。

这就是我时常做的事情。

找一顶帽子或一个罐子,在里面放上100颗弹珠。我把赢家涂成蓝色,输家涂成红色。我只在其中四个弹珠上画上HR(全垒打>10倍风险收益),在其中四个上画上BL(大亏>4倍风险)。其余的要么是4倍风险收益,要么是1倍风险损失。有趣的地方来了。开始在每笔交易中承担不同金额的风险,看看100笔交易后结果的差异。这应该会让你真正意识到资金管理的重要性。

首先,假设你有一个10,000美元的账户,每次交易的风险仅为2.5%。因此,每笔交易的风险为250美元或R = 250美元。如果你抽到一个亏损的弹珠,你的账户将被扣除250美元。如果你抽到一个获胜的弹珠,你的账户将被记入4 * 250 = 1,000美元。如果你打出“全垒打”,那么你的账户将记入10 * R = 2,500美元。相反,如果你的交易“大亏”,那么你的账户将被扣除1,000美元。

努力尝试一下吧。100次交易后,你会惊讶地发现仓位大小对你账户的影响。你会发现,即使是50/50的交易,也会出现连胜和连败。连续5次赢家和输家是很常见的。不仅如此,你还可以试着想象一下自己交易这个系统的情景。在连续输掉5次之后,你会有什么感觉?你会不会觉得哪里出了问题?如果你每次交易的风险是500美元,而你一开始就“大输”,会发生什么情况?那就是损失2000美元。你能挽回损失吗?积极主动,玩转数字,这是一个很好的模拟。

如果你觉得交易很舒服,就进行交易。

交易的关键在于遵守规则。赚钱或亏钱并不重要。交易金额太小,似乎不值得。你想知道的是:

当我的资金减少时,我该如何应对?

我能遵守我的规则吗?

我的系统长期有效吗?

第三年

你应该有一套适合自己的系统,并开始从市场中获取微薄收益。如果你仍然发现自己缺乏遵循信号的纪律,请问为什么?继续玩模拟游戏,就好像这是你的系统,看看为什么只要你能控制风险,连续四五次亏损是可以接受的。

第四年

现在,如果你还在交易,你应该已经从市场中获得了稳定的利润,并对自己有了足够的了解,可以继续学习。

学习交易就像攻读股市学位一样,你是否愿意牺牲4年时间来学习交易?如果不愿意,那么现在就离开。如果你愿意,那就开始吧。

如果你想成为顶级交易员,就需要付出大量的努力。

不要被所有的商业杂志所迷惑,它们都说你可以不费吹灰之力,年复一年地从市场中获得100%的收益。这是不可能的。但如果你真的坚持不懈地努力,回报可能是惊人的。

第四篇完

下篇内容预告

顶级交易者知道,在交易中最重要的是遵守规则的纪律,而金钱回报则是次要的。

《交易七律》系列是金十数据全新推出的一档栏目,如果你喜欢这个系列,请您点个赞,评论下,这将使我们有动力继续努力更新这个系列!

您可以在文章顶部订阅交易员故事专题,每日最快时间收到连载内容的更新推送(请打开推送功能)

《交易七律》往期回顾请戳⬇️

相关阅读:一份计划,让你告别“交易失败”命运 |《交易七律》系列三

相关阅读:从巴菲特到日内交易者:交易成功的个性化之路 |《交易七律》系列二

相关阅读:当顶级交易员蒙受损失,他们首先问... |《交易七律》系列一

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