Stack ranking
“员工分级评鉴制度”(stack ranking),在上世纪90年代由世界级管理大师杰克·韦尔奇 (Jack Welch) 发明,通过他的公司通用电气,以及包括 Facebook、微软等在内的美国科技公司发扬光大。
在业绩考核时,工程师们需要在系统里撰写两封信,分别评价自己和经理的表现,并寻求三五同事也为自己评价;紧接着,经理会阅读这些信件,按照工程师在过去六个月内所完成或未能完成的每一项工作,其所造成的影响(Impact),进行逐一量化分级。
最顶级的一级是“重新定义” (Redefine) ,但多位Facebook员工向硅星人透露这个比例能有2%就很不错了;之后则是“极大超过预期”(Greatly exceeds expectations)、“超过预期”(Exceeds)、“完全达到”(Meets all) 等等评价,比例越来越大。
这会导致一个不可避免的情况:在一个组里,尽管大家的 Impact 可能接近,也都很不错,由于比例相对稳定,总会有人不得不被放置到更差的区间里。
而且,尽管考核分级会经过不同级别的人校准,但工程师们的直属Manager (经理)在这个考核体系里有相当大的裁量权。
According to two former executives, the grade breakdown is approximately as follows:
- “Redefine,” the highest grade, is given to fewer than 5 percent of employees
- “Greatly exceeds expectations”: 10 percent
- “Exceeds”: 35 percent
- “Meets all”: 35 to 40 percent
- “Meets most,” a low grade that puts future employment at risk, goes to most of the remaining 10 to 15 percent
- “Meets some” grades are extremely rare and are seen as an indication that you’re probably getting fired, according to multiple employees.
- “Does not meet” are exceptionally rare, as most employees are fired before they get to that level.
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